2.2 Water Flashcards

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1
Q
hydrogen bond
                          (intermolecular force)
A
  • formed between 2 water molecules

- between oxygen and hydrogen

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2
Q

why hydrogen bonding occurs

A
  • water is polar
  • oxygen can attract more electrons than hydrogen making is more negative
  • oxygen is delta negative
  • hydrogen delta positive

-delta negative oxygen will attract with delta positive hydrogen

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3
Q

is hydrogen bonding strong?

A

-strongest intermolecular force but weak compared to covalent bonding

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4
Q

properties of water:

A
  • High specific heat capacity
  • High latent heat of evaporation
  • Cohesive
  • Solvent
  • Ice
  • Liquid
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5
Q

is water useful in metabolic processes?

A

yes!!!

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6
Q

High specific heat capacity

A
  • Energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C (very high)
  • hydrogen bonds between water molecules can absorb lots of energy
  • lots of energy is required to make molecules vibrate
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7
Q

High latent heat of evaporation

A
  • the amount of energy required to get a substance from one phase liquid to another gas
  • hydrogen bonds are very stable and require lots of energy to break
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8
Q

Cohesive

A

-water molecules attract each other because of hydrogen bonding
and can stick to each other

  • helps water to flow because all water molecules are sticking together and will pull each other along
  • makes water a good transport medium
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9
Q

solvent

A
  • since water is polar, it can interact with the slight positive and negative charges in an ionic compound
  • ions break apart and dissolve in water and water molecules will go around them
  • useful for transporting ions
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10
Q

ionic compounds

A

-compounds with one positive ion and one negative ion

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11
Q

what is a solvent?

A

-things can dissolve in it particularly ionic compounds

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12
Q

Ice

A
  • molecules spread out due to hydrogen bonds
  • not as close together as they would be in liquid
  • this makes water less dense in a solid state due to the lattice structure
  • this causes ice to float and form an insulating layer for the water underneath which won’t freeze
  • this means organisms will stay alive in the water underneath
  • aquatic organisms can survive in cold environments
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13
Q

metabolism

A

reactant:

  • hydrolysis
  • photosynthesis

product:

  • condensation
  • respiration
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14
Q

Density of water

A
  • Molecules spread out
  • lattice
  • insulating layer
  • water below doesn’t freeze
  • organisms don’t freeze
  • can still move
  • currents allow flow of nutrients
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15
Q

solubility of water

A
  • ions are polar
  • interact with water
  • organisms uptake minerals
  • e.g. nitrates help create amino acids
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16
Q

temperature of water

A
  • stable hydrogen bonds
  • energy to break bonds
  • high specific heat capacity
  • Many hydrogen bonds
  • small variation in temperature
  • Enzymes work
  • gases remain soluble