2.2 Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrate facts
-molecules that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
- 10% of organic matter of a cell
- Energy source
- Energy store
- Structure
alpha glucose
monomer of glucose
- soluble
- Sweet tasting
- Form crystals
difference between alpha and beta glucose
- alpha glucose- in carbon-1, H is on top, OH is below ring
- beta glucose- other way round
condensation reaction
carbohydrates
water is released and a glycosidic bond is formed
examples of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose (hexane)
deoxyribose, ribose (pentane)
examples of disaccharides
maltose (glucose + glucose)
types of polysaccharides
-amylose- 1,4-glycosidic bonds
- amylopectin- 1,6-glycosidic bonds
- 1,4-glycosidic bond
amylose
- 1,4-glycosidic bonds
- forms a curb and ends up forming a helix
amylopectin
- 1,6-glycosidic bonds (x1)
- 1,4-glycosidic bonds (x4)
- branched
- more compact
hydrolysis reaction
- water is added
- bonds break
- Energy obtained
Starch
Storage molecule in plants
-Contains amylose and amylopectin
- Found in chloroplasts
- Found only in plants
- Energy storage molecule
- Insoluble
glycogen
storage molecule in animals
-Contains amylose and amylopectin
- found in animals
- used as energy storage
- shorter 1,4-glycosidic bonds
- more branched
- very compact
Cellulose
- made of beta glucose
- unbranched
- cross-links formed between molecules
- contains weak hydrogen bonds which form microfibrils
- very strong and good structural support in cell walls
- insoluble
- gives cell wall turgidity
- allows movement in stomata (o2/c02)
- waterproofing
joins two monosaccharides
glycosidic bond
molecule formed from the hydrolysis of cellulose
beta glucose
when cellulose is broken down into its monomers
