23. Digestive system

Question 1

hepatic portal

Answer 1

肝门

Question 2

alimentary canal (aliment-: to nourish)

Answer 2

Also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, a one-way tube 消化道

Question 3

mucosa

Answer 3

a mucous membrane on the wall of the alimentary canal 粘膜

Question 4

submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner)

Answer 4

The neurons lie in the submucosal layer and is responsible for regulating digestive secretions and reacting to the presence of food. 粘膜下神经丛

Question 5

myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach)

Answer 5

The neurons lie in the muscularis layer of the alimentary canal and is responsible for motility, especially the rhythm and force of the contractions of the muscularis. 肌间神经丛

Question 6

peritoneum

Answer 6

a broad serous membranous sac, hold in place the digestive organs 腹膜

Question 7

parietal peritoneum

Answer 7

lines the abdominal wall 壁层腹膜

Question 8

visceral peritoneum

Answer 8

envelopes the abdominal organs 内脏腹膜

Question 9

peritonitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the peritoneum 腹膜炎

Question 10

osmoreceptor

Answer 10

渗透压感受器

Question 11

oral cavity (buccal cavity)

Answer 11

颊腔

Question 12

labia (singular = labium)

Answer 12

lips, at the entrance to the mouth

Question 13

buccinator

Answer 13

颊肌

Question 14

oral vestibule

Answer 14

on the outside by the cheeks and lips 口腔前庭

Question 15

parotid gland

Answer 15

lie between the skin and the masseter muscle, near the ears secrete saliva into the mouth 腮腺

Question 16

masseter muscle

Answer 16

咬肌

Question 17

submandibular gland

Answer 17

in the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva into the mouth 颌下腺

Question 18

sublingual gland

Answer 18

lie below the tongue, use the lesser sublingual ducts to secrete saliva into the oral cavity. 舌下腺

Question 19

gingiva

Answer 19

gum 牙龈

Question 20

pharynx (throat)

Answer 20

is involved in both digestion and respiration. It receives food and air from the mouth, and air from the nasal cavities. When food enters the pharynx, involuntary muscle contractions close off the air passageways 咽.

Question 21

laryngopharynx

Answer 21

used for both breathing and digestion 喉咽

Question 22

oropharynx

Answer 22

used for both breathing and digestion 口咽

Question 23

nasopharynx

Answer 23

is involved only in breathing and speech 鼻咽部

Question 24

deglutition

Answer 24

another word for swallowing—the movement of food from the mouth to the stomach. 吞咽

Question 25

pyloric sphincter

Answer 25

幽门括约肌

Question 26

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 26

肝胰壶腹

Question 27

ileum

Answer 27

回肠

Question 28

jejunum

Answer 28

空肠

Question 29

duodenum

Answer 29

十二指肠

Question 30

Lactose

Answer 30

乳糖