19. Cardiovascular system Heart

Question 1

mediastinum

Answer 1

纵隔

Question 2

pericardium, pericardial sac

Answer 2

(around the heart) a tough membrane that separates the heart from the other mediastinal structures. 心包

Question 3

pericardial cavity

Answer 3

心包腔

Question 4

cardiac notch

Answer 4

a concavity in the lung that forms to accommodate the heart.

Question 5

resuscitation

Answer 5

复苏

Question 6

apex

Answer 6

顶尖

Question 7

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Answer 7

心肺复苏

Question 8

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

肥厚型心肌病

Question 9

ventricle

Answer 9

the lower chambers of the heart which serve as the primary pumping chambers of the heart, propelling blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body. 心室

Question 9

atrium (plural: atria)

Answer 9

the upper chambers of the heart which acts as a receiving chamber and contracts to push blood into the lower chambers 心房

Question 10

bifurcate

Answer 10

分叉

Question 11

(superior, inferior) vena cava

Answer 11

腔静脉

Question 12

epicardium

Answer 12

(the inner layer of serous pericardium) an inner visceral pericardium that is fused to the heart and is part of the heart wall. 心外膜

Question 13

parietal pericardium

Answer 13

the outer layer of serous pericardium which is fused to the fibrous pericardium

Question 14

microscopic

Answer 14

微观的

Question 15

cardiac tamponade, pericardial tamponade

Answer 15

心脏压塞

Question 16

mesothelium

Answer 16

secretes the lubricating serous fluid that fills the pericardial cavity and reduces friction as the heart contracts 间皮

Question 17

visceral

Answer 17

内脏

Question 18

coronary sulcus (plural: sulci)

Answer 18

冠状沟

Question 19

myocardium

Answer 19

the middle and thickest layer of heart, made largely of cardiac muscle cells 心肌

Question 20

endocardium

Answer 20

the innermost layer of the heart wall, is joined to the myocardium with a thin layer of connective tissue 心内膜

Question 21

septum (plural: septa)

Answer 21

a wall or partition that divides the heart into chambers. 隔膜

Question 22

semilunar valves, pulmonary valve, pulmonic valve

Answer 22

The valves at the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta 半月瓣

Question 23

atrioventricular valves

Answer 23

The valves between the atria and ventricles 房室瓣

Question 24

cardiac skeleton

Answer 24

includes four rings that surround the openings between the atria and ventricles, and the openings to the pulmonary trunk and aorta, and serve as the point of attachment for the heart valves

Question 25

tricuspid valve

Answer 25

Through which the right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium 三尖瓣

Question 26

bicuspid valve, left atrioventricular valve, mitral valve

Answer 26

located at the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 27

aortic semilunar valve, aortic valve,

Answer 27

located at the base of the aorta, and prevents backflow from the aorta.

Question 28

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 28

is the formal term for what is commonly referred to as a heart attack. 心肌梗塞

Question 29

systole

Answer 29

The period of contraction that the heart undergoes while it pumps blood into circulation 收缩期

Question 30

diastole

Answer 30

The period of relaxation that occurs as the chambers fill with blood 舒张期

Question 31

murmur

Answer 31

an unusual sound coming from the heart that is caused by the turbulent flow of blood

Question 32

Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 32

CO = HR × SV a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.

Question 33

stroke volume (SV)

Answer 33

the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle

Question 34

heart rate (HR)

Answer 34

in contractions per minute (or beats per minute, bpm)

Question 35

cardiac reserve

Answer 35

The difference between maximum and resting CO

Question 36

bradycardia

Answer 36

the condition in which resting rate drops below 60 bpm

Question 37

tachycardia

Answer 37

the condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm

Question 38

etiology

Answer 38

病因学