23, 24 - Embryogenesis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Do you know these?

Embryogenesis

A

fucking learn it dumbass

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2
Q

What are primordial germ cells? How and when are they differentiated?

A
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3
Q

Give a broad overview of the definition of fertilization.

A
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4
Q

How is sperm transported in the male reproductive tract?

A
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5
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A
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6
Q

How does sperm travel to the oocyte? Through which anatomical structures? At what time is most optimal?

A

Capacitation is necessary for IVF

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7
Q

Give a specific overview of the process of ovulation.

A
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8
Q

Give a specific overview of the mechanism of fertilization and how a fertilized oocyte becomes a diploid zygote.

A
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9
Q

What happens when 2 sperm enter the oocyte? How would that process occur? What is that process called?

A

Name of process: Polyspermy
How it happens: faulty cortical granule release
What happens? Polyspermy results in polyploidy
Some hallmarks:
-honycomb/snowstorm appearance on ultrasound
-very increased hCG

triploid hydatidiform moles (partial moles) has fetal parts in imaging

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10
Q

Describe the process of cleavage in the first week of embryogenesis.

A
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11
Q

What happens if there is splitting during cleavage?

A
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12
Q

Describe blastocyst formation and the structure of the blastocyst.

A
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13
Q

Describe the process of blastocyst implantation in the uterine wall.

A
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14
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy? What are the consequences of this?

A
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15
Q

Why is the implanted blastocyst not cleared from the uterine wall during menstruation?

A
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16
Q

What is a way to remember hallmarks of the second week of embryogenesis?

A

The week of 2’s: differentiation of the trophoblast into 2 (sycytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast), differentiation of the embryoblast into 2 (epiblast and hypoblast and the bilaminar disk), formation of the amnion from the epiblast and formation of the yolk sac from the hypoblast

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17
Q

Describe the differentiation of the trophoblast in the second week of embryogenesis.

A

assists in further implantation

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18
Q

Describe the differentiation of the embryoblast during the second week of embryogenesis.

A
the bilaminar disk is formed in this process
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19
Q

How is nutrition supplied to the embryo in the second week of embryogenesis?

A
20
Q

How is the chorion devloped in the second week of embryogenesis?

A

includes extrembryonic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast

21
Q

What is the function of the early embryonic membrances and sacs?

A

second week of embryogenesis

22
Q

What does the embryo look like at the end of the second week of embryogenesis?

A
23
Q

What happens to the bilaminar disk during the third week of embryogenesis?

A

primitive streak is most important

24
Q

How is left-right orientation determined in the third week of embryogenesis?

A

left right dynein and kinesin is very important in cilia function here

25
Q

What are diseases associated with left-right asymmetry?

A
26
Q

Describe the process of gastrulation in the third week of embryogenesis. What does it form?

A
27
Q

Describe the formation of the notochord in the third week of embryogenesis. What is it made of?

A
28
Q

Describe the process of neurulation in the third week of embryogenesis. What tissue is involved?

A
29
Q

How are the neural folds fused during the third week of embryogenesis?

A

like a zipper going to both the cranial and caudal ends, this forms the brain and spinal cord eventually

30
Q

What happens when there are defects in the closure of the posterior neuropore during the third week of embryogenesis?

A
31
Q

What happens when there ae defects in the closure of the anterior neuropore during the third week of emrbyogenesis?

A
32
Q

How is the mesoderm differentiated during the third week of embryogenesis?

A
33
Q

What are the subdivisions of the intraembryonic mesoderm? What do these subdivisions eventially differentiate into?

A
34
Q

What happens during the 4th week of embryogenesis?

A

embryonic folding

35
Q

Describe cranial-caudal folding in the 4th week of embryogenesis.

A
36
Q

Describe Lateral folding in the 4th week of embryogenesis.

A
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45
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