22 Contraception Flashcards
what is contraception
the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy
number of pregnancies a year per 100 women with no contraceptive and with a condom
no contraceptive = 50-80
condom = 4-28
what do barrier methods prevent as well as pregnancy
spread of STIs
how do female condoms work
theyre inserted into the vagina
how do condoms work
theyre made of very thin latex and cover the penis to stop skin to skin contact and sperm entering the vagina
what is in the combined pill
eostrogen and progesterone
how to use combined pill
take daily for three weeks and then have a seven day break
what is the progesterone only pill and how to use it
only progesterone
taken every day with no break
what is the contraceptive vaginal ring
a ring that goes into the vagina and releases oestrogen and progesterone into blood to prevent pregnancy by controlling fertility
how to use vaginal ring
gets replaced every 4 weeks. worn for 3 weeks then a week off
what is the contraceptive patch
a 5x5 beige patch, applied like a plaster
how does contraceptive patch work
releases oestrogen and progesterone through th skin, prevents pregnancy by controlling fertility
how to use patch
replace once a week for three weeks then one week off
what is the implant
rod of plastic inserted into upper arm that releases progesterone to prevent pregnancy
how long does implant last
3 years
how does the contraceptive injection work
releases progesterone which works to control fertility
how to use injection
injection every 8,12 or 23 weeks
what is the IUS
a small T shaped plastic device that contains the hormone progesterone to control fertility
must be fitted by nurse/doctor
how long does the IUS last
3-5 years
what is the IUD
similar to IUS but releases copper instead of hormones to stop fertilised egg implanting
only form of LARC contraception that’s non hormonal
how long does the IUD last
5-10 years
dose of the combined pill
30mcg ethinyloestradiol (oestrogen)
150mcg levonorgestrel (progestogen)
what does the combined pill do
- inhibit ovulation
- effects of the endometrium
- effects on cervical mucus
dose of progestogen only pill
75mcg desogestrel or 350mcg norethisterone
what do progestogen only pills do
- effects on the endometrium
- effects on the cervical mucus
do most women ovulate on the progestogen only pill
yes
progestogen injection dose
150mg intramuscular every 12 weeks
progestogen implant dose
10s of mcg released per day over 3 years
causes of contraceptive failure
- patient failure (common)
- method failure (rare)
- vomiting/diarrhoea
- drug interactions
can copper IUD be used as emergency contraception
yes
how does copper IUD work as contraception
- copper acts as a spermicide
- creates a local inflammatory reaction
- prevent the sperms to reach and fertilise the egg
does the IUD prevent ovulation
no
is IUD effective immediately after insertion
yes
does the inflammatory response caused by the IUD have and anti implantation effect
yes
oral emergency contraceptive
levonorgestrel 1.5mg tablet
ulipristal 30mg tablet
how does oral EHC work
delays/prevents ovulation and fertilisation by altering the tubal transport of sperm/ova and discourages implantation
what are the Fraser guidelines
professionals can give contraceptive advice and treatment to under 16s without parent knowledge and consent as long as they were satisfied with:
- understanding
-maturity - risk of repeat incident
- physical and mental wellbeing
- patients best interest
what to consider before supplying contraceptive
- duration since unprotected sex (3-5 days)
- is client present in pharmacy
- is client 13+
- other meds
- other medical conditions
- nature of emergency
points to consider after supply
- if vomiting occurs within 2 hours take another dose
- can impact cycle
- recommend condoms
- chlamydia tests
