21 Neural Development Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of neural development?
Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation
What are the two zones involved in the proliferation stage of neural development?
Marginal & Ventricular zones
Scaffolds are formed by A._____ cells where daughter cells are B._____ providing a trail for migrating neurons to follow
A: radial glial cellsB: neuroblast
Neuroblasts migrate down the scaffold, fill in and become the cortical layers in the mature cortex. True or False
True
Dyslexia is associated with developmental abnormalities due to the damage in which layer? A. Subplate, B. Layer VI, C. cortical plate, D. Marginal zone
D. Marginal zone
What type of abnormalities would you find in a patients cerebellum?
Gapping where part of the vermis should be
During differentiation, how many months until folds and fissures are visible?
9 Months
In which layer do amacrine cells form connections with other cells during prenatal retinal development>
IPL - inner plexiform layer
During postnatal retinal development, what two cell types build the foundation for the functional circuit?
Ganglion Cells and Amicrine Cells
On day 7 of postnatal retinal development, ___ are the last cells to form connecting the IPL and OPL.
Bipolar Cells
What are the three phase of ocular pathway formation?
1) The Axon chooses the right pathway (ipso-lateral or contra-lateral)2) Axon choose the right structure to attach3) Axon choose the right structure to synapse with
In chemo-attraction and repulsion, ipso-lateral is guided by Slit and contra-lateral is guided by Netrin. True or False.
False, Ipso-lateral is guided by Netrin and contra-lateral is guided by Slit.
Neurons from the nasal retina go to the posterior part of tectum, and neurons from the temporal retina go to the anterior part of tectum. True or False.
True
Neurons from both nasal and temporal retina grow equally well in membranes from anterior and posterior retina. True or False.
False, neurons from nasal retina grow equally well, but neurons from temporal retina only grow on membranes from anterior retina.
During the selective cell death, what determines the survival of input cells.
The competition for trophic factor determines the survival of input cells, and only those with good functional connection survive.
What is the role of BDNF during the axonal branching development?
It helps to stimulate one new branch of dendrite connection.
Plasticity at ______ helps neuron connection more specific.
Hebb synapses
During the monocular deprivation, after opening the closed eye, the corresponding neurons will be fully recovered. True or False?
False, they won’t be recovered very well.
If you break the connections from the basal forebrain complex to the cortex, it doesn’t affect the growth pattern. It depends on the neural transmitters from other parts of the brain.
True.
Why does strabismus reduce binocularity?
Because signals are not coordinitated between two eyes
When does the density synapses reach the peak in human cortex? A. at birth, B. puberty, C. 30 D. 40
A. 6 months after birth
With age, synapses (increase/decrease), grey matter becomes (thicker or thinner).
Decrease, thicker
What type/types of growth pattern causes cortical thickness changes in brain? A.cubic, B.quadratic, C.linear, D.all of them above
D. all of them above
The brain is growing and changing over time. True or False
True
During postnatal retinal development, the horizontal and plexiform cells start to mature and form a circuit on: A. Day 1, B. Day 5, C. Day 7
B. Day 5
