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Vision Science I > 08 Cone & Rod Circuits > Flashcards

08 Cone & Rod Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of feedback do horizontal cells provide to cones?

A

negative feedback (inhibitory)

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2
Q

bipolar cells are considered on or off cells. what cells communicate if less light is being detected?

A

off cells

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3
Q

29 What type of system is used by retinal ganglion cells to detect light?

A

centers-surrounds

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4
Q

29 What are the three types of signals that can be generated using the centers-surrounds system?

A
  1. On2. Off3. On-Off (intermediate or summation of on and off)
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5
Q

30 What type of response would be generated if just the center of the receptive field was stimulated by light?

A

An “on” response

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6
Q

30 What can the centers-surrounds system detect?

A

Contrast edges (contrast borders)

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7
Q

32 What defines the ganglion cell’s contrast sensitivity?

A

The size of it’s receptive field

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8
Q

33 When referring to how ganglion cells respond to stimulus, midget cells are _____ and parasol cells are _______.

A

tonic, phasic

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9
Q

33 What does a tonic response tell the brain?

A

How big of a change in light stimulus there was

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10
Q

33 What does a phasic response tell the brain?

A

How things (light) are moving around in space (on the retina)

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11
Q

what type of bipolar cell uses metabotropic channels?

A

bipolar on cells

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12
Q

do bipolar off cells have metabotropic or ionotropic channels?

A

ionotropic channels

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13
Q

is the on-sublayer closer to the peducle of the cone?

A

no. the off-sublayer is

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14
Q

which type of cell will create a hyperpolarizing signal?

A

the off cell

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15
Q

what type of neurotransmitter do amacrine cells use?

A

glycine and GABA

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16
Q

do rods have a larger synaptic terminal than a cone?

A

no. rods have a small synaptic terminal compared to cones

17
Q

02 What is the neurotransmitter released from the synaptic terminal?

A

Glutamate

18
Q

02 Which cells defines if there is a decrease/increase in photons?

A

Bipolar cells

19
Q

03 Cell begin to _______ as it catches more photons, causes _______ in releasing of glutamate.

A

hyperpolarize, decrease

20
Q

04 An ______ in photons causes a ______ in glumate release

A

increase, decrease

21
Q

05 Each cone contacts 100’s of _____ and _____ cells.

A

bipolar and horizontal cells

22
Q

05 In the synaptic terminal, glutamate binds on ______ and released in vesicle.

A

synaptic riboon

23
Q

06 Horizontal section of cone pedicle have about 40 ________

A

synaptic ribbons

24
Q

07 Both sides of each ribbon is flanked by which cells?

A

horizontal cells.

25
Q

08 What do bipolar cells do?

A

Complete the triad of connections and also get good information about changes in glutamate released

26
Q

09 In horizontal section of each cone pedicle, processes are packed _____ to each other.

A

Very densely

27
Q

19 - Which types of cells do rods contact?

A

Only H1 cells and Rod bipolar cells

28
Q

19 - Each H1 cells contacts about how many rods at a time?

A

About 700 rods at a time

29
Q

19 - T/F Each rod communicates with at least 2 horizontal cells in order to spread the signal to both sides of the periphery of where thatrod is located.

A

true

30
Q

20 - T/F All rod bipolar cells are “on-cells”.

A

true

31
Q

21 - What type of amacrine cells connect rods to bipolar cone cells in order to communicate?

A

all (A2)

32
Q

22 - Because of the sensitivity of rods - they produce a signal that is _________ times stronger than a cone.

A

100 times

33
Q

24 - What are the four types of ganglion cells?

A

1) Parasol ganglion cells2) Midget ganglion cells3) Blue-yellow ganglion cells4) Biplexiform ganglion cells

34
Q

24 - 95% of the fovea will contain which type of ganglion cell?

A

Midget ganglion cells

35
Q

24 - Blue-yellow ganglion cells communicate with which type of cones?

A

S-cones

36
Q

25 - What does the neural signal depend on?

A

Changes in firing rate

37
Q

26 - What types of responses do ganglion cells have?

A

On- and Off- responses

Vision Science I (26 decks)

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