02 Cells of NS

Question 1

005-At what magnification are the cell bodies (ie.layers) of the retina first visible?

Answer 1

X100

Question 2

006-What magnification is required to view a single photoreceptor?

Answer 2

x1000. This is where we typically view structures of the retina

Question 3

010-In order to view on the molecular level, what magnification should be used?

Answer 3

x10,000,000

Question 4

012- Which two chemicals are used to preserve tissues for histology?

Answer 4

Formaldehyde and Paraffin

Question 5

012-Which type of wax do you need to hold the structure of “jello” like tissue together?

Answer 5

Paraffin wax

Question 6

013-Who showed that neurons were all in one network?

Answer 6

Golgi

Question 7

014-What structures do the Nissl Stain and Weil Stain show?

Answer 7

Nissl - individual structures, only in the cell bodies, primarily the ER Weil - Myelinated tracts

Question 8

016-Which neuronal structure is responsible for outputting signals?

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

016-Which neuronal structure is responsible for inputting signals?

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

017-Which neuronal structure has the nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and other organelles?

Answer 10

Soma

Question 11

017-Which ion is high in concentration in the cytosol?

Answer 11

Salty Potassium

Question 12

016-True or False. Purkinje cell only have 2 branches for retrieving a signal?

Answer 12

False, there are many branches

Question 13

020-What type of organelle has a function of packaging and transporting ?

Answer 13

Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

018-Where are DNA, RNA and mRNA located inside the cell?

Answer 14

Within the Nucleus

Question 15

016-Neurons are capable of reproducing. True of False?

Answer 15

True in the olfactory system & the hippocampus. However, neurons are sensitive if there is a lack of oxygen, they will be non-functional.

Question 16

021-T/F. An antibody can stain certain parts of the brain.

Answer 16

True; and you can also attach something to Ab to see where it is going in the brain

Question 17

022-The neuronal membrane has numerous ___________ inside the cell that help transport things from inside the cell to the outside.

Answer 17

channels

Question 18

023,025,026-Place the following in order of size. (largest to smallest) Microfilaments, Neurofilaments, and microtubules.

Answer 18

Microtubles (20nm); Neurofilaments (10nm); Microfilaments(5nm)

Question 19

023-Name two functions of the microtubules.

Answer 19

helps hold the axon process together and helps transport materials from the soma to other parts of the cell

Question 20

024-During Alzhimer’s, which cytoskeleton structure is damaged?

Answer 20

microtubules (slide 24) (Added slide presented in lecture)

Question 21

025-Name one function of microfilaments.

Answer 21

Microfilaments are a meshwork of proteins that helps hold the wall of the membrane in place

Question 22

026-T/F. Neurofilaments are a helpful part of the transport system.

Answer 22

True. Are not as helpful as microtubules but are a part of transport system

Question 23

027-The speed of something moving down the axon varies with the __________.

Answer 23

diameter; think of this like a hose - larger pushes more water (faster).

Question 24

028-What is the area that separates the axon from the cell body?

Answer 24

axon hillock

Question 25

029-What are terminal boutons? (hint: they contain neurotransmitters in vesicles?

Answer 25

synaptic endings

Question 26

030- What is retrograde & anterograde motor?

Answer 26

anterograde: transporting from soma to neurite; retrograde: left over products go from the axon back to the cell body

Question 27

032-How do dendrites change structure to reinforce the ability to accept neurotransmitters?

Answer 27

forming dendritic spines

Question 28

033- What is the classification of a long axon length?

Answer 28

Golgi Type I

Question 29

033-Golgi type II is a classification of what axon length? Short or long?

Answer 29

Short

Question 30

034-Which neurite is used for sensory systems?

Answer 30

Bipolar

Question 31

035-Which of these is the glial cell that is most abundant along with being the myelin sheath in the Peripheral Nervous system?

Answer 31

Schwann Cell

Question 32

039-What is the myelin sheath cell in the spinal cord?

Answer 32

Oligodendrocyte

Question 33

037-What type of glial cell regulates the chemical compound of the intracellular space?

Answer 33

Astrocyte

Question 34

038-The gaps between myelin sheath cells are known as?

Answer 34

Node of Ranvier

Question 35

041-What is ependymal cells?

Answer 35

a type of cell that wraps around ventricles of the brain.

Question 36

041-What is a type of cell that gathers up and processes neuronal dead tissue?

Answer 36

microglia cell