18 Taste, Smell & Vestibular Systems

Question 1

Define Vection:

Answer 1

A strong sense of motion but one is not moving because you are sending visual signals to the visual cortex but the vestibular signals are not supporting it.

Question 2

3aNv stands for:

Answer 2

Brodmann’s area 3 part of the neck region of somatosensory cortex.

Question 3

True or False: The three vestibular area of the cortex 3aNv, VPS, and PIVC supply the somatosensory, parietal, and visual information have to work together to keep you upright.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: Turning of the head will not elicit a physiological nystagmus.

Answer 4

False, turning of the head will elicit a physiological nystagmus.

Question 5

Damage to the left vestibular system will cause A. constant nystagmusB. spontaneous nystagmusC. no nystagmus

Answer 5

B, spontaneous nystagmus b/c only the signal coming from the right is coming in and you are not receiving a signal from the left.

Question 6

How can you test for vestibular function?

Answer 6

Caloric testing

Question 7

Using Caloric testing, when cold water is placed in the right ear it will induce an nystagmus in the ______ direction.

Answer 7

right

Question 8

Using Caloric testing, If you have a bilateral lesion then you will see an _______ nystagmus.

Answer 8

abnormal nystagmus (one eye drifting and the other eye stays the same)

Question 9

How many parts are there to the vestibular system?

Answer 9

2: otolith and semicircular canals

Question 10

T/F: The otolith organ is made up of horizontal, posterior and anterior canals.

Answer 10

False; it’s made up of the utricle and saccule

Question 11

What does the otolith organ detect?

Answer 11

Detects changes in the head angle and the linear acceleration of the head.

Question 12

T/F: When you are creating a constant motion, the fluid in the semicircular canals eventually stop moving.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Which reflex activates motor neurons to maintain an upright posture?

Answer 13

The spinal reflex

Question 14

What does BPPV stand for?

Answer 14

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo caused when otoconia fall off or are loose

Question 15

Slide 3: How many tastes do we have and what are they?

Answer 15

5Bitterness, Sourness, Saltiness, Sweetness, and umami (msg)

Question 16

Slide 5: What gene is responsible for the bitter taste?

Answer 16

PTC gene

Question 17

Slide 4: What cells are responsible for tasting?

Answer 17

gustatory cell

Question 18

Slide 5: What determines the strength of the bitter taste?

Answer 18

Shape of receptor

Question 19

Slide 6: What brain structure is responsible for the perception of taste?

Answer 19

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Question 20

Slide 6: Which cranial nerves are involved in taste?

Answer 20

Facial VII and Glossopharyngeal IX

Question 21

True or False: Dog has better sense of smelling because that dog’s olfactory sensory nerve covers larger area and more dense distribution than human’s.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False: Normal human can detect up to 1 billion different odors.

Answer 22

False, over 1 trillion types

Question 23

True or False: Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar neurons with dendrites facing the inferior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that passes through the cribriform plate then travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False: Glomeruli are mapped based on different regions that receptors cover.

Answer 24

False, based on receptor types

Question 25

5. Which structure is the signal relaying center for olfactory sensory that happens on the surface of olfactory bulb?

Answer 25

Glomeruli

Question 26

True or False: Olfactory tract sends information to both olfactory tubercle and also to olfactory cortex and related temporal lobe structures

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus receives the olfactory information from olfactory tubercle and sends signals to orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 27

False, medial dorsal nucleus