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History French revolution > 2.1- Attempts To Create A Constitutional Monarchy > Flashcards

2.1- Attempts To Create A Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the first elected assembly?

A

National constituent assembly

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2
Q

When did the national constituent assembly govern?

A

June 1789- September 1791

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3
Q

What was the national constituent assembly of the restricted by?

A

Wealth as only the well off had been able to vote for the estates general, from which the National Assembly was drawn

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4
Q

Who were the dominant classes in the national constituent assembly?

A

Bourgeoise, former nobles, clergy

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5
Q

What form of government was the national constituent assembly?

A

Constitutional monarchy

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6
Q

What political parties were in the national constituent assembly?

A

No political parties

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7
Q

What was the name of the second elected assembly?

A

Legislative assembly

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8
Q

When was the Legislative assembly in government?

A

October 1791- September 1792

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9
Q

How was the Legislative assembly restricted by wealth?

A

-only the bourgeoise, former nobles and higher clergy were able to stand for national elections.
-only those groups, poor priests, and very prosperous peasants and artisans could vote

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10
Q

Who was the dominant class of the Legislative assembly?

A

The bourgeoisie

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11
Q

What form of government was the Legislative assembly?

A

Constitutional monarchy

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12
Q

What political parties were in the Legislative assembly?

A

The feuillants on the right, the girondins, and the jacobins

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13
Q

Who was the strongest political party in the Legislative assembly?

A

The feuillants

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14
Q

What political parties were most deputies in the Legislative assembly?

A

Most deputies were unattached

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15
Q

What was the third elected assembly?

A

The convention

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16
Q

When was the Convention in government?

A

September 1792- June 1793

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17
Q

Who could vote in the Convention?

A

All men could vote- universal manhood suffrage

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18
Q

Who were the dominant classes in the Convention?

A

Radical bourgeoisie, urban poor

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19
Q

What form of government was the Convention?

A

Republic

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20
Q

What did the Convention do?

A

Abolished the monarchy and put the king on trial

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21
Q

What political parties were the most dominant in the Convention?

A

The left ( the girondins and jacobins)

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22
Q

What was the fourth elected assembly?

A

The second Convention

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23
Q

When was the second Convention in government?

A

June 1793- july 1794

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24
Q

Who could vote in the second convention?

A

In theory universal manhood suffrage, but no elections

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25
Q

What classes dominated the second convention?

A

Radical bourgeoisie, urban poor

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26
Q

What type of government was the second convention?

A

Republic, revolutionary dictatorship

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27
Q

How was the second convention created?

A

The jacobine expelled the girondins, suspended the constitution and set up a dictatorship

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28
Q

What was the fifth elected assembly?

A

The third Convention

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29
Q

When was the third Convention in government?

A

July 1794- October 1795

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30
Q

Who could vote in the third Convention?

A

Convention originally elected by universal manhood suffrage, but determined to stop the poor voting again

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31
Q

Who was the dominant class in the third Convention?

A

The bourgeoisie

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32
Q

What type of government was the third Convention?

A

Republic

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33
Q

Why was the third convention created?

A

The Thermidorians overthrew the jacobin dictatorship and drew up a new constitution

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34
Q

Who were the thermidorians?

A

The majority of unaligned deputies

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35
Q

What was the sixth elected assembly?

A

The directory, council of ancients, council of 500

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36
Q

When was the directory in government?

A

November 1795- November 1799

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37
Q

Who could vote in the directory?

A

The wealthy only

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38
Q

What class dominated the directory?

A

The bourgeoisie

39
Q

What type of government was the directory?

A

A republic

40
Q

Why was the directory created?

A

A new constitution was implemented to ensure no revolutionary dictatorship happened again

41
Q

When was the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen adopted?

A

26th August 1789

42
Q

When was a twelve member constitutional committee convened?

A

14th July 1789 (Bastille day)

43
Q

What was the task of the constitutional committee?

A

To do much of the drafting of the articles of the constitution

44
Q

Who did the constitutional committee include?

A

Two members from the first estate, two from the second, and four from the third

45
Q

When did the August decrees become law?

A

4th August 1789

46
Q

What did the August decrees do?

A

Got rid of tithes, feudal dues, and the privileges of the upper orders

47
Q

What did Marquis de Lafayette propose?

A

A combination of the American and British systems, called a bicameral parliament

48
Q

What did the bicameral parliament mean?

A

The king had the suspensive veto power over legislature

49
Q

What did the constitutional committee propose?

A

A bicameral legislature

50
Q

When was the motion for a bicameral legislature defeated?

A

10th September 1789 in favour of one house

51
Q

What did the constitutional committee propose on the 11th September 1789?

A

An absolute veto

52
Q

What happened to the constitutional committee’s idea of an absolute veto?

A

It was defeated in favour of a suspensive veto

53
Q

What was a suspensory veto?

A

A veto by which a law is merely suspended until overridden by three consecutive legislatures

54
Q

When was a new iteration of the constitutional committee formed?

A

September 1789

55
Q

Why was a new iteration of the constitutional committee formed?

A

To discuss the controversial topic of citizenship in this New France following the collapse of the ancien regime

56
Q

What was the debate in the new iteration of the conditional committee?

A

Would every formed subject become an equal citizen, or would there be some restrictions or limitations?

57
Q

What other issues did the constitutional committee need to debate?

A

Race, religion, socioeconomic status and sex with regards to political and civil rights

58
Q

What rights were women going to have?

A

No political rights and restricted civil rights compared to men

59
Q

What were active citizens?

A

Men over 25 who paid the equivalent of three days labour in local taxes

60
Q

How many men were active citizens?

A

Over 4 million men

61
Q

What were active men eligible to do?

A

Vote in assembly elections and potentially stand as deputies.

62
Q

Who were passive citizens?

A

Those who did not pay this amount in taxes, so were barred from voting or standing for election

63
Q

Who were electors?

A

Active citizens who paid an equivalent of 10 days labour in local taxes

64
Q

How many men were electors?

A

About 50,000 men

65
Q

What could electors do?

A

-Elect members of the canton and department assemblies, and were legible to become officials in those departments.
-in charge of electing deputies to the National Assembly

66
Q

Who were deputies?

A

Active citizens who paid the minimum of the Marc d’argent which was the equivalent of 54 days labour in direct taxes

67
Q

What percentage of Frenchmen had the right to take part in some sort of election?

A

61%

68
Q

How did the National Assembly assert its legal presence in French government?

A

By establishing its permanence in the constitution and forming a system for recurring elections

69
Q

What did the assembly believe in?

A

A sovereign nation and in equal representation, shown in the constitutional separation of powers

70
Q

Who was the legislative body of government?

A

The National Assembly

71
Q

Who was the executive branch of the government?

A

The king and royal ministers

72
Q

What branch was the judiciary in?

A

The judiciary was independent of the other two branches

73
Q

How was the French state divided on a local level?

A

The previous feudal geographic divisions were formally abolished, and the territory of the French state was divided into several administrative units, but with the principle of centralism

74
Q

What did Louis do about the constitution?

A

He refused to sign it and tried to flee the country

75
Q

What ddi the assembly vote after the king refused to sign the constitution?

A

They voted to suspend the powers of the king until the new constitution is as signed into law

76
Q

When did the king swear an oath to uphold his suspension of powers?

A

16th July 1791

77
Q

When did Louis accept the new constitution?

A

13th September 1791

78
Q

What did the French activist and playwright Olympe de Gouges object?

A

The lack of political and religious rights for women and people of colour

79
Q

What did Olympe de Gouges publish?

A

The declaration of the rights of woman and of the female citizen

80
Q

When was the declaration of the rights of woman and of the female citizen published?

A

14th September 1791

81
Q

What was Louis’ new title?

A

‘King of the French’ rather than ‘king of France’

82
Q

What did the constitution state about the king?

A

He is now subordinate to both the assembly and the constitution as any law that was passed must be obeyed by the king

83
Q

How much was the king given for his expenses?

A

An annual grant of 25 million livres

84
Q

What was the king forbidden to do under the new constitution?

A

Forbidden to levy forces against the constitution or leave the country

85
Q

What powers did the king still have?

A

-executive power
-right to a suspensive veto

86
Q

What was executive power?

A

He would choose his own cabinet and ministers

87
Q

What was a suspensive veto?

A

He could delay legislation for up to 5 years, but he had no power of veto over any legislation regarding taxation or important constitutional matters

88
Q

What authority did the legislative assembly have?

A

Had full fiscal and financial authority along with the power to propose and pass laws, raise taxes, military affairs, foreign policy, and organise new festivals

89
Q

How was declaration of war decided?

A

Was voted on by the assembly

90
Q

How many representatives were there chosen by electors?

A

745

91
Q

What happened to national constituent assembly members?

A

They weren’t allowed to sit in the new legislative assembly

92
Q

Who proposed ‘self denying ordinance’ (no existing members of the National Assembly were allowed on the new legislative assembly)?

A

Robespierre

93
Q

When did Robespierre pass ‘self denying ordinance’?

A

16th May 1791

94
Q

What was done on the assembly to ensure the separation of power?

A

Ministers, state officials and judges were barred from sitting in the assembly

History French revolution (33 decks)

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