2019 Forest Ecosystem Flashcards by Clyde Louise Arbilo

Which is not a tree or shrub?
a. Homonia riparea
b. Eragrostis cururavea
c. Psidium guajava
d. Datura alba

b. Eragrostis curuvea

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What are the purposes of mulching with grass or leaves?
I. Reduces evaporation
II. Prevents hardening of the surface soil
III. Facilitate root penetration
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

a. I and II

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The first leaves of the embryo is referred to as ______.
a. Cotyledon
b. Axil
c. Bract
d. Ochrea

a. Cotyledon

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It is the environment which supports an animal or plant population and includes, space, food, cover and the presence of other animal or plant species.
a. Niche
b. Habitat
c. Territory
d. Carrying capacity

b. Habitat

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Gall rust generally attacks moluccansau. Leaf spot usually attack kaatoan bangkal.
a. Both statements are true
b. Both statements are false
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
d. The first statement is true; the second statement is false

a. Both statements are true

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Which of the following refers to protected landscape?
I. Maintain nationally significant natural landmark
II. Prevent nationally significant species
III. Provide opportunities to public enjoyment through recreation and tourism
a. II and III
b. I, II, and III
c. I and II
d. I and III

d. I and III

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After three weeks of observation, you noticed that the leaves of your mahogany trees have yellow spots all over the green seams remain along the veins. Your trees lack ______.
a. Potassium
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Iron

c. Magnesium

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The growth or yield of a tree depends upon food production (photosynthesis) being _______ the food consumption (respiration).
a. More or less equal to
b. Equal to
c. Considerably more than
d. Considerably lesser than

c. Considerably more than

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A group of plants bearing seeds which develop in all enclosed ovary.
a. Monoecious plant
b. Gymnosperms
c. Dioecious plant
d. Angiosperms

d. Angiosperms

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The enrichment of a water body with nutrients, resulting in excessive growth of phytoplankton, algae, or vascular plants leading to depletion of oxygen is called ______.
a. Water pollution
b. Siltation
c. Eutrophication
d. Red tide

c. Eutrophication

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Which of the following may lead to astonishing levels of species diversity and biological specialization?
I. Competition between predator and prey
II. Struggle for nutrients
III. Competition between herbivores and plants
a. I, II, and III
b. I and III
c. I and II
d. II and III

a. I, II, and III

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It is NOT a characteristic of monocot plants.
a. The leaf vein is netted
b. Root system is adventitious
c. Possesses only one cotyledon
d. Vascular bundles are scattered

a. The leaf vein is netted

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This refer to the use of natural enemies to control pest infestation.
a. Biological control
b. Herbicide
c. Insecticide
d. Predator control

a. Biological control

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________ is a species of beetle. It is a serious pest of Acacia mangium.
a. Leucopholis irrorata
b. Pitrova oristala
c. Fusarium solani
d. Ips calligraphus

a. Leucopholis irrorata

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What is considered the worst pests of pines in the Philippines?
a. Dioryctria rubella
b. Pitrova cristala
c. Fusarium solani
d. Ips calligraphus

d. Ips calligraphus

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________ is the dominant forest type of the Philippines.
a. Mossy forest
b. Dipterocarp forest
c. Pine forest
d. Mangrove forest

b. Dipterocarp forest

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The common petioled on which the leaflets of compound leaf are inserted is called _______.
a. Midrib
b. Pulvinus
c. Rachis
d. Pinnules

c. Rachis

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Which statements are true?
I. Water travels through sandy soil very easily, so nutrients leach out easily
II. Sandy soil contains silt and clay which are less than 15% of the material by weight
III. Sandy soil contains 35% sand
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. I and III only

b. I and II

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The boundary between two ecosystems is referred to as ______.
a. Shelterbelt
b. Ecotone
c. Buffer zone
d. Fireline

b. Ecotone

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What document described the environmental impact mitigation and enhancement measure for a project in environmentally critical areas?
a. Initial environmental examination
b. Environmental compliance certificate
c. Environmental certificate
d. Environmental impact assessment

a. Initial environmental examination

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What is the upper limit of water holding capacity of the soil?
a. Maximum tolerance
b. Field capacity
c. Saturation point
d. Field penetration capacity

b. Field capacity

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Which of the following factors determine the depth where sufficient moisture is available all year round?
I. Water holding capacity of the soil
II. Soil cover
III. Exposure
a. I and II
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and III

b. I, II, and III

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The loss of liquid from droplets along the margin of the leaves is referred to as guttation. When does this happen?
a. When roots of the plants are water soaked
b. When transpiration equals absorption
c. When transpiration exceeds absorption
d. When transpiration is lower than absorption

d. When transpiration is lower than absorption

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This refers to the use of chemical to control beetle infestation.
a. Herbicide
b. Insecticide
c. Biological control
d. Predator control

b. Insecticide

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The main advantage of establishing a plantation on a completely cleared and burned site is rapid development at the plantation. Why? I. Little competition from seeds II. Good supply of nutrient III. Little water is evaporated a. I, II, and III b. I and III c. I and II d. II and III

c. I and II

In many grasses, ______ is a short membranous projection on the inner side of the leaf blade at the junction where the leaf blade and the leaf sheath meet. a. Panicle b. Petiole c. Stipule d. Ligule

d. Ligule

Which of the following nitrogen fixer is involved in symbiotic association with legume forming root nodules? a. Azotobacter b. Clostridium c. Rhodospirillum d. Rhizobium

d. Rhizobium

A process of soil formation due to action of chemical substances is called _______. a. Salinization b. Chemical weathering c. Mechanical weathering d. Illuvation

b. Chemical weathering

RA 9072 is the national caves and cave resources management and protection act. RA 9147 is the wildlife conservation and protection act. a. False - True b. False - False c. True - False d. True - True

d. True - True

________ is a silvicultural treatment that aims to free a stand below the sapling stage from competing unwanted plant species that threaten to suppress them. a. Release cutting b. Sanitation cutting c. Improvement cutting d. Thinning

a. Release cutting

What is that field of study that deals NOT only with forest community but also soil, water, and climate? a. Pathology b. Forest ecosystem c. Dendrology d. Forest soil

b. Forest ecosystem

The induction of flowering by cold treatment. a. Kinesis b. Photoperiodism c. Trophism d. Vernalization

d. Vernalization

_______ is an assemblage of organisms and the physical environment where exchange of energy and matter exists. a. Niche b. Biome c. Habitat d. Ecosystem

d. Ecosystem

If the soil has a pH value of 8, it is ______. a. Over acidic b. Neutral c. Basic d. Acidic

c. Basic

Which of the following factors determine the effect of light intensity on the availability of moisture all year round? I. Water holding capacity of the soil II. Soil cover III. Exposure a. III b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III

Covering the bed surface with a layer of organic materials reduces evaporation of soil moisture and shield the soil surface from the sun. This nursery practice is called _______. a. Mulching b. Scudding c. Screening d. Shading

a. Mulching

______ is the unit of vegetation which includes not only the plants of which it is composed but the animals habitually associated with them and environment or habitat. a. Ecological zone b. Bioregion c. Forest d. Ecosystem

d. Ecosystem

What is the upper limit of the water holding capacity of the soil? a. Maximum tolerance b. Field penetration capacity c. Field capacity d. Saturation point

c. Field capacity

It deals with the distribution of plants on the Earths surface. a. Plant ecology b. Plant geography c. Plant succession d. Plant systematics

b. Plant geography

What are the relationships of mycorrhiza and the plants? I. The fungi interact with the root tissue to from organs that increase the ability of the plants to extract minerals. II. The fungi are supplied with carbohydrates formed by photosynthesis by the plants. III. Plants allow fungi to undergo nutrients cycling. a. II and III b. I and II c. I and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III

A disease that results in the rapid decay of young succulent seedlings or by the sudden wilting of seedlings to extensive necrosis of the stem near the soil line is called _______. a. Damping-off disease b. Necrosis c. Rotting d. Smothering disease

a. Damping-off disease

Cleaning and disinfecting elements used for pruning are the common practices employed in ________. a. Physical method b. Sanitary method c. Statutory method d. Cultural method

b. Sanitary method

A seed or pollen-bearing structure in gymnosperms. a. Cone b. Sorus c. Psidium d. Sporagium

a. Cone

What is the process by which the embryo in as seed breaks the seed coat and begin to develop into a young plant? a. Fission b. Fertilization c. Germination d. Differentiation

c. Germination

A technique/principle referring to the reduction in terms of severity of the disease in infected crop plants. a. Eradication b. Avoidance of the pathogen c. Development of plants resistant to disease d. Therapy

d. Therapy

It is the primary input to the water equation. a. Rainfall b. Pressure c. Heat d. Soil moisture

a. Rainfall

________ is referred to as the boundary between two adjacent ecological communities or ecosystem. a. Buffer zone b. Ecotone c. Marginal zone d. Edge effect

b. Ecotone

Cleaning and disinfecting elements used for tree surgery are the common practices employed in _______. a. Sanitary method b. Statutory method c. Cultural method d. Physical method

a. Sanitary method

A filed of study that deals with disease infestation in forest community. a. Dendrology b. Forest soil c. Forest ecosystem d. Pathology

Pathology

What do you mean if the soil is said to be permeable? a. It can be penetrated by liquid b. It can be change from one kind to another c. It can become solid d. It is sticky

a. It can be penetrated by liquid

What group of plants produce seeds that NOT develop in an enclosed ovary. a. Monoecious plant b. Angiosperm c. Gymnosperm d. Dioecious plant

c. Gymnosperm

Has tiny pipelines that carry water with small amount of dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves of trees. a. Xylem b. Cork layer c. Phloem d. Cambium

a. Xylem

Once the trees are harvested, new trees can grow in their place and continue to sequester carbon. The rate of carbon sequestration depends on the management practice adopted, the tree species involved, and the geographic area covered. Evaluate the statements. a. False - False b. True - False c. False - True d. True - True

d. True - True

A pest is an organism which may be large, small, or microscopic that causes damage on crops. Which of the following is not pest? a. Insect b. Man c. Mycorrhiza d. Pathogen

c. Mycorrhiza

Which of the following characterize and ecosystem? I. It can be recognized within their general surroundings II. It is a place defined as territory of several animal species III. It is a place defined by the predominance of one plant species a. I, II, and III b. II and III c. I and II d. I and III

a. I, II, and III

The major conducting elements of coniferious wood is called _______. a. Fibers b. Vessels c. Tracheids d. Phloem

c. Tracheids

It refers to the overall spreading of organisms across a physical scale such as seeds or individuals, or movement away from the birth site. a. Leaving b. Dispersal c. Migrating d. Transferring

b. Dispersal

It is the first stage or erosion during which layers of soils are imperceptibly washed away by surface flow. a. Sheet erosion b. Avalanche c. Earth movement d. Gully erosion

a. Sheet erosion

Which is not a part of the leg? a. Trochanter b. Femur c. Tibia d. Cardo

d. Cardo

What are some of the requirements for suitable species to be used for erosion control? I. It must be straight boled II. It should have deep and wide spread root system III. It must be able to withstand drought a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

c. II and III

Imbibition is the process by which cell wall and protoplasm absorb water thus making them softerm, swollen, and more elastic, Photosynthesis involves the use of energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates, water, and by-product from hydrogen donor. a. True - True b. False - False c. False - True d. True - False

a. True - True

________ is the prevention of crossing among population due to chromosomal difference, a. Ecological isolation b. Geographical isolation c. Genetic isolation d. Phenological isolation

c. Genetic isolation

Which of the following objectives refer to tree improvement? I. Genetic improvement and cultivation of selected plants II. Improvement of genetic base of species III. Assurance of the availability of materials needed a. I and III b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and II

b. I, II, and III

Which of the following hormones is known to inhibit flowering in plants? a. Florigen b. Auxin c. Giberrellin d. Abcissic acid

d. Abcissic acid

Biologist have found that there is a direct relationship between the area of natural habitat and the number of species it can sustain. Reducing habitat size increases the risk of species extinction. a. True - True b. False - True c. False - False d. True - False

a. True - True

The average diameter of 5 narra trees in plantation in Aurora is 32 cm diameter. If 4 of the narra trees has 25, 27, 19, and 35 cm diameter, what is the diameter of the 5th tree? a. 49 b. 54 c. 32 d. 28

b. 54

A silvicultural treatment that aim to free the stand from diseased plant species. a. Improvement cutting b. Release cutting c. Thinning d. Sanitation cutting

d. Sanitation cutting

It is the zone of differentiation located below the apical meristem. To differentiate means ______. a. To enlarge b. To become mature c. To increase in number or multiply d. To become specialized for particular function

d. To become specialized for particular function

Which of the following are some required activities to be conducted in seed certification? I. Determine the history of the seed source II. Conduct filed inspections of mother trees III. Replicate plantation to other sites a. I, II, and III b. II and III c. I and III d. I and II

a. I, II, and III

What is the valuable source of humus? a. Organic matter b. Decomposed leaves c. Forest litter d. Macronutrients

a. Organic matter

Which of the following trees has a compound leaf? a. Mango b. Tiesa c. Avocado d. Tamarind

d. Tamarind

Which of the following is NOT a part of the vascular tissue system? a. Collenchyma b. Vascular cambium c. Phloem d. Xylem

a. Collenchyma

Silvics is the study of life history and general characteristics of forest trees and stands with particular reference to environmental factors. Silviculture is the art of producing and tending a forest. a. False - True b. True - True c. False - False d. True - False

b. True - True

It refers to a boundary of a protected area;. a. Marginal zones b. Ecotone c. Edge effect d. Buffer zones

d. Buffer zones

As to leaf arrangement, when two or more leaves are borne at the same node on the same side of the stem, it is ______ while, it is ______ when they are regularly arranged one above another in two opposite rows. a. Whorled - fascicled b. Whorled - opposite c. Fascicled - distichous d. Fascicled - secund

c. Fascicled - distichous

The resin obtained from pine trees especially the Benguet pine is collectively known as ______. a. Manila copal b. Naval stores c. Balau d. Gutta percha

b. Naval stores

This is an organism comprising a species of fungus symbiotically joining a species of algae. a. Lichen b. Mycorrhiza c. Moss d. Rhizobium

a. Lichen

What differentiates a CORYMB from a CYME as form of inflorescence? a. Flowers start from same levels b. Inner flower opens first c. Arranged like ribs of umbrella d. Inner flower opens last

b. Inner flower opens first

The destructive stage of shoot moth is the larvae. It bores through the tissues and results in the production of side shoot at the point of damage. a. False - True b. True - True c. False - False d. False - False

b. True - True

The size of grain of soils is referred to as ______. a. pH b. Structure c. Texture d. Bulk density

c. Texture

This species has remained confined to Taal lake. a. Sapsap b. Pait pait c. Goby d. Tawilis

d. Tawilis

Which of the following are characteristics of clayey soils? I. Excellent water-holding capacity II. Excellent mineral-holding capacity III. Difficult to work a. I, II, and III b. II and III c. I and II d. I and III

a. I, II, and III

The measure of the ability of a substance in the soil to transfer heat is referred to as ______. a. Soil conductivity b. Heat conductivity c. Specific heat conductivity d. Thermal conductivity

d. Thermal conductivity

Water in the biosphere moves in cycle. Arrange inorder the following water movements to describe the water cycle with rain as the primary source of water. I. Transpiration and evaporation II. Precipitation III. Infiltration IV. Condensation a. I, II, III, and IV b. III, II, IV, and I c. IV, I, III, and II d. II, III, I, and IV

d. II, III, I and IV

Pursuant to EO 23 it is the obligation of the state to protect the remaining forest cover areas of the country. It is also its obligation to preserve biodiversity, allow natural regeneration or residual forests and promote development of plantations forests. a. False - False b. True - True c. False -True d. True - False

b. True - True

The purpose of allowing natural regeneration is to preserve the ______. a. Premium hardwood species b. Fast-growing species c. Original forest cover d. Endemic species

c. Original forest cover

What is the silvicultural treatment which involves the removal of twigs and branches of the planted trees to enhance the growth and quality of final crops in a tree plantation/ a. Thinning b. Release cutting c. Sanitary cutting d. Pruning

d. Prunning