2011 Forest Ecosystem Flashcards by Clyde Louise Arbilo

The protoplasm of a single cell is known as:
a. Protoplast
b. Chromoplast
c. Chloroplast
d. Hydroplast

a. Protoplast

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What type of soil has less than 15% silt and clay light in texture and can hold less water and minerals but more air?
a. Loam soil
b. Sandy soil
c. Clay soil
d. Sandy loam

b. Sandy soil

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Reduction of growth or stunting is a sign of nutrient deficiency. Severe stunting is principally caused by lack of potassium and iron.
a. All statements are false.
b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
c. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true.
d. All statements are true.

b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.

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A simple, dry dehiscent fruit from a compound pistil.
a. Tuber
b. Capsule
c. Pod
d. Berry

b. Capsule

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Its presence in the cell results in the stiff and sturdy framework and lack of motility of plants.
a. Cellophane
b. Cell wall
c. Chlorophyll
d. Chloroplast

b. Cell wall

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Which are leaf-feeding beetles?
I. Pachyrychus sp.
II. Metapocyrtus sp.
III. Margaronia helaralis
a. II and III
b. I and III
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II

d. I and II

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Once the trees are harvested, new trees can grow in their place and continue to sequester carbon. The rate of carbon sequestration depends on the management practice adapted, the tree species involved, and the geographic area covered.
a. All statements are true.
b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
c. All statements are false.
d. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is false.

a. All statements are true.

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Which are the characteristics of chewing insects?
I. They have two mandibles
II. They have two maxillae
III. They have two labrum
a. I, II, and III
b. I and III
c. I and II
d. II and III

c. I and II

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As a forester in-charge, you walked through your teak plantation. You noticed that the leaves look dry and scorched along the margins. The teak trees are deficient in ______?
a. Calcium
b. Nitrogen
c. Potassium
d. Phosphorous

c. Potassium

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In typhoon-belt areas, extreme wind velocities reach about to 200 km/h. To reduce some of the damages, a shelterbelt is established. What are some of the desirable characteristics of species for shelterbelt?
I. Wind firmness
II. Rapid development
III. Ability to coppice
a. I, II, and III
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I and II

a. I, II, and III

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Gugo is used extensively in the Philippines and other oriental countries for washing hair. What is the scientific name of gugo?
a. Pistia sp.
b. Entada phaseoloides
c. Nymphoides indica
d. Ludwegia adscebdens

b. Entada phaseoloides

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______ is an organism with or having three or more sets of chromosomes.
a. Multiploid
b. Diploid
c. Haploid
d. Polyploidy

d. Polyploidy

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Which of the following are characteristics of natural regeneration?
I. Often the simplest and cheapest types of forest management because it requires small investment.
II. It may result in the production of better quality trees.
III. It is applicable in degraded areas.
a. I and III
b. I, II, and III
c. II and III
d. I and II

d. I and II

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An area is proclaimed as protected area if it meets three criteria. It has unique ecosystem. It is a wildlife corridor. What is the other criterion?
a. It is a mountainous area.
b. It does not have indigenous people inside.
c. It is a resource reserve.
d. It contain locally endemic species.

d. It contains locally endemic species.

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What generally influence the quality of seeds or seedlings?
a. Parents physical appearance and environment.
b. Parents physical appearance and soil nutrient.
c. Parents genetic composition and/or environment.
d. Parents genetic composition and soil nutrients.

c. Parents genetic composition and/or environment.

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Altered soil microclimate is detrimental to soil organisms which require moisture for processes. Compaction of soil has no effect on microbial activity.
a. All statements are true.
b. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true.
c. All statement are false.
d. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.

d. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.

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Which is not an indigenous species in the Philippines?
a. Gubas
b. Kaatoan bangkal
c. Bagras
d. Yemane

d. Yemane

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Which of the following is initial symptom of canker disease caused by Corticium discolor in neem trees?
a. Branch swelling
b. Yellowing of leaves
c. Necrosis
d. Girdled branches

a. Branch swelling

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Canker diseases in tree species are evidenced by which of the following:
I. Longitudinal back cracks.
II. Girdled branches
III. Necrosis of leaves
a. II and III
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I and III

c. I, II, and III

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_____ is an ecosystem that accumulates plant material overtime and store an average of 10x more carbon per hectare than any other ecosystem.
a. Wetland reserve
b. Forest reserve
c. Peatland
d. National park

c. Peatland

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_____ species are those that germinate and establish seedlings only in highly distributed environments.
a. Endangered species
b. Pioneer species
c. Keystone species
d. Climax species

b. Pioneer species

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What are the purposes of mulching with grass or leaves?
I. Reduces evaporation
II. Prevents hardening of surface soil
III. Facilitate root penetration
a. I, II, and III
b. I and III
c. I and II
d. II and III

c. I and II

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Per Executive Order No. 23, it is the obligation of the state to protect the remaining forest area of the country. It is also its obligation to allow natural regeneration of residual forest and development of plantation forests.
a. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
b. All statement are true.
c. All statement are false.
d. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true.

b. All statements are true.

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Which of the following are characteristics of clayey soils?
I. Excellent water-holding capacity
II. Excellent mineral-holding capacity.
III. Difficult to work.
a. II and III
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III

d. I, II and III

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Imbibition is the process by which cell walls and protoplasm absorb water thus making them softer, swollen and more elastic. Photosynthesis involves the use of energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates, water and by-product from hydrogen donor. a. All statements are true. b. All statements are false. c. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. d. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true.

a. All statements are true.

A parenchyma tissue in the center of a dicot stem. a. Placenta b. Plasmolysis c. Plastid d. Pith

d. Pith

Which statements are true? I. Sandy soil contain silt and clay which are less than 10% of the material by weight. II. Clay soil contains at least 10% clay particles by weight. a. Neither I nor II b. II and III c. I only d. II only

a. Neither I nor II

The required nitrogen level for a one-hectare plantation is 100kg N. If dried farm manure with an analysis of 5kg N/100kg will be used to fertilize it, how many kilos of farm manure will be applied in 1 hectare? a. 500 kg b. 20,000 kg c. 2,000 kg d. 20 kg

c. 2,000 kg

The study of the causes, control, and other features of plant disease if known as: a. Plant ecology b. Plant systematics c. Plant pathology d. Plant physiology

c. Plant pathology

Considered the most destructive insect pest of G, arborea, the larvae of Ozola minole feed on: I. Leaf margin II. Make holes on the leaves III Eat the whole leaf a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

a. I and II

Plant systematics pertains to the: a. Division of related classes of plants. b. Study of plant distribution. c. Identification, classification, and evolutionary relationship of plants. d. Silvicultural treatments.

c. Identification, classification, and evolutionary relationship of plants.

Carbon cycling is the process whereby essential nutrients are returned to the rooting zone. Nutrient cycling, on the other hand, enhances soil compaction. a. All statements are true. b. The first statement is true, the second is false. c. All statements are false. d. The first statement is false, the second is true.

c. All statements are false.

In forest trees seed certification program, seeds coming from controlled collection areas are termed as _____. a. Certified seeds b. Progeny tested seeds. c. Source identified seeds. d. Unclassified seeds.

c. Source identified seeds.

Why is it not advisable to collect seeds from isolate individual trees? a. Because you dont know their parent trees. b. Because their seeds fall to the ground. c. Because they are young or immature trees. d. Because they self-pollinate.

d. Because they self-pollinate.

Coconut is a ____? a Drupe b. Berry c. Pome d. Pepo

a. Drupe

Wood decay can be caused by Fomes lignosis and Ganoderma pseudoferreum. Damping off, on the other hand, is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. a. All statements are true. b. The first statement is true, the second is false. c. All statements are false. d. The first statement is false, the second is true.

b. The first statement is true, the second is false.

_____ is the science of classification and nomenclature of plants, while ____ is an art and science of studying the external form and a structure of trees. a. Dendrology and morphology b. Systematics and tree morphology c. Plant systematics and tree morphology d. Plant taxonomy and tree morphology

d. Plant taxonomy and tree morphology.

____ is a series of oxidation-reduction reaction whereby living things obtain energy through breakdown of organic materials. a. Respiration b. Transpiration c. Breathing d. Assimilation

a. Respiration

In old and mature stands of natural forests, considerable part of timber volume is destroyed by _____. a. Varicose borer b. Gall rust c. Heart rot fungi d. Shoot moth borer

c. Heart rot fungi

_____ is conducted to repair the damages resulting from unattended injuries and from the decaying parts of the tree caused by fungi and other agents. a. Sterilization b. Sterilization c. Tree surgery d. Incubation

c. Tree surgery

The movement of substances into a cell or other structures from the outside is referred to as _____. a. Accumulation b. Adsorption c. Absorption d. Abscission

c. Absorption

A seed or pollen-bearing structure in gymnosperm. a. Cone b. Sorus c. Basidium d. Sporangium

a. Cone

Which of the following characteristic(s) of an autotroph substance? I. An organism that synthesize its own food. II. Its secretion has inhibitory effect on their organisms. a. Neither I nor II b. I only c. I and II d. II only

b. I only

What is considered as the worst pests in the Philippines? a. Ips calligraphus b. Dioryctria rubella c. Pitrova cristata d. Fusarium solani

a. Ips calligraphus

Simple leaves as to their margin maybe classified as ____ when deeply cut but incisions do not reach more than half-way the midrib. a. Parted b. Divided c. Cleft d. Lobed

d. Lobed

Which refer to strict protection zones? I. Protected areas which have high biodiversity value. II. Protected areas which are closed to all human activity except fo religious use. III. Protected areas which are open for tourism activities. a. II and III b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. I and III

b. I and II

It refers to fruits of grasses, seed-like thin pericarp adherent to the seed. a. Caryopsis b. Pappus c. Ray seed d. Raphe

a. Caryopsis

A placid condition of cell due to deficiency of water and low turgor pressure. a. Hydrolized b. Turgid c. Plasmolized d. Wilt

d. Wilt

The measure of the ability of a substance in the soil to transfer heat is referred to as ____. a. Soil conductivity b. Heat conductivity c. Specific heat conductivity d. Thermal conductivity

d. Thermal conductivity

Your forester informed you that your plantation lacks magnesium. What is the indicator in stating that? a. Presense of fox-tails b. Needles turn yellowish from the tips c. Cones did not develop d. Needles look dry

b. Needles turn yellowish from the tips

Which of the following spacing arrangement is best suited for very rocky or rough sites. a. Equilateral spacing b. Irregular spacing c. Line spacing d. Square method

b. Irregular spacing

Which refer to sympodial branching? I. Type of branching without a main axis II. More or less have equal laterals a. Neither I nor II b. I only c. I and II d. II only

c. I and II

____ is a method of rooting cuttings which involves oxygen cycling in water where cuttings are placed and addition of nutrients in the water. a. Mist b. Hydrophonics c. Bubble bath d. Aerophonics

b. Hydrophonics

It is a horizontal stem growing at or beneath the surface of the ground. a. Corn b. Bulb c. Rhizome d. Tuber

c. Rhizome

A ____ is an individual organism which is a product of the interaction between a genotype and its environment. a. Clone b. Phenotype c. Mutant d. Hybrid

b. Phenotype

As to leaf arrangement, when two or more leaves are borne at the same node on the same side of the stem, it is _____ while, it is _____ when they are regularly arranged one above another in two opposite rows. a. Fascicled - distichous b. Whorled - alternate c. Whorled - opposite d. Fascicled - secund

a. Fascicled - distichous

Which of the statement refers to national park? a. It is an area of national significant characterized by the harmonious interaction between man and land. b. It contains flora and fauna of national importance. c. It is a forest reservation of natural wilderness character. d. It covers large area not relatively altered by human activity.

c. It is a forest reservation of natural wilderness character.

The texture of the soil determines which of the following? I. Qualities of air and water penetration. II. Water-holding capacity III. MIneral-holding capacity a. I and II b. II and III c. I, II, and III d. I and III

c. I, II, and III

If the young of a cockroach is a nymph, what is the young of a butterfly? a. Caterpillar b. Grub c. Nymph d. Pupa

a. Caterpillar

What factor influence the causative agent to be non-infectious? I. Inadequate mineral nutrients II. Unsuitable soil III. Weather condition a. I and III b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. II and III

c. I, II, and III

These are the most common insect pest of Albazia falcataria for the larvae are gregarious feeders which can totally consume the leaf tissues after the first and second molt. I. Eurema blanda II. Eurema hecade III. Eurema sinensis a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II, and III

a. I and II

It is a dynamic and evolving concept that aim to maintain and enhance the economic, social, and environmental value of all types of forests for the benefit of present and future generation. a. Sustainable forest management b. Climate change adaptation and mitigation c. National greening program d. Social forestry

a. Sustainable forest management

Which is NOT a characteristic of banaba? a. The leaves are oblong ovate b. The fruits are large capsule c. The leaves are smooth d. The flowers are numerous and borne on hair raceme

d. The flowers are numerous and borne on hair raceme

____ is a significant legislation in the Philippine biodiversity conservation which establishes the National Policy on biological Divesity. a. EO 108 b. RA 7586 c. PD 705 d. EO 578

d. EO 578

What differentiate a cleft from a lobed leaf in terms of leaf margins? a. Its margin cut into sharp teeth b. Its incisions extends nearly to the midrib c. Its incisions extends more than half-way to the midrib d. Its margin cut into rounded tooth

c. Its incisions extends more than half-way to the midrib

What type of buttresses is exhibited by Canarium ovatum? a. Flying b. Steep c. Plant d. Round

a. Flying

Loss of biodiversity decreases the probability of recovery after significant disturbances or adaptation to changing conditions. The degree to which a system can recover from such a disturbance is a measure of its _____. a. Perseverance b. Endurance c. Resilience d. Integrity

c. Resilience

What is the direct effect of ANAA or HORNEX solution to wildlings? a. Harden the wildlings b. Reduce moisture loss c. Enhance root development d. Increases stem growth

c. Enhance root development

Which refers to Raptors or Bird of Prey? I. They regulate the population of snakes, wild rodents, and other small animals. II. Pithecophaga jefferys is a raptor. III. They have massive arched beak. a. I, II, and III b. I and II c. I and III d. II and III

a. I, II, and III

Which of the following are TRUE for mangium? I. Flowers develop into green pods which turn blackish brown when mature. II. Leaves are crowded at the end of twigs. III. When mature, pods turn irregularly spiraled cluster. a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II, and III

c. I and III

Water in the biosphere moves in cycles. Arrange in order the following water movements describe the water cycle with rain as the primary source of water. I. Transpiration and evaporation II. Precipitation III. Infiltration IV. Condensation a. IV, II, III, and I b. II, III, I, and IV c. I, IV, II, and III d. III, I, IV, and II

b. II, III, I, and IV

The Philippines has two (2) ASEAN Heritage Parks. One is Mt. Apo in Mindanao. What is the other one? a. Mts. Iglit-Baco in Mindanao b. Mt. Kanlaon in Negros c. Mt. Pulag in Mt. Province d. Mt. Isarog in Bicol

a. Mts Iglit-Baco in Mindanao

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle that produces two genetically ____ nuclei. a. Different b. Similar c. Identical d. Equal

c. Identical

Fungi do NOT contain chlorophyll. They make their own food. a. All statements are true. b. All statements are false. c. The first statement is false, the second is true. d. The first statement is true, the second is false.

d. The first statement is true, the second is false.

In mangroves, there are many detritus consuming animals. Which is NOT a detritus-consuming animal? a. Fungi b. Nematode c. Mollusk d. Crustacean

a. Fungi

Which of the following factors determine the depth where sufficient moisture is available all year round? I. Water holding capacity of the soil II. Soil cover III. Exposure a. II and III b. I and II c. I and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III

Which refer to fungi? I. Do not contain chlorophyll II. Live as parasites III. Do not make their own food a. II and III b. I, II, and III c. I and II d. I and III

d. I and III

Which favor the development of damping-off of Anthocephalus chinensis and Albizia falcataria? I. High humidity and soil temperature II. High organic growing media III.. Dense and deep sowing a. II and III b. I and II c. I and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III

_____ is evidenced by black fruiting bodies or tiny yellowish spots on the surface of the leaves. a. Leaf spots b. Necrosis c. Blight d. Chlorosis

a. Leaf spot

Which are parts of the embryo? I. Primary root II. Endosperm III. First leaves a. I and III b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II, and III

a. I and III

Which of the following refer to autotrophic succession? I. Succession that begins predominantly in organic environment. II. It shows early and continued dominance of producers III. It begins with moist but aerated soil. a. II and III b. I and III c. I, II, and III d. I and II

d. I and II

Which is NOT a hypertrophic symptom? a. Tumefaction b. Fasciculation c. Gigantism d. Blight

d. Blight

A silvicultural student conducted a species growth test to determine a suitable species for his experiment. Which is NOT parameter used to assess species performance? a. Survival rate b. Response to fertilizer c. Diameter growth d. Height growth

b. Response to fertilizer

Which refer to Achantia fulica? I. It is an introduced species of snail. II. It becomes destructive pest of most seedling in the nursery. a. Neither I nor II b. I only c. II only d. I and II

d. I and II

The Most common foliage disease of Kaatoan bangkal and narra is leafspots. When leafspots coalesce in the leaf tissue, it is called as ____. a. Die-back b. Blight c. Canker d. Scorch

b. Blight

If tibia is the fourth segment of an insect leg, what do you call the last part of an insect leg? a. Femur b. Tarsus c. Trochanter d. Vertex

b. Tarsus

The arrangement of vascular bundles in a leaf. a. Venation b. Procambium c. Ochrea d. Pith

a. Venation

Modified roots are formed through association with beneficial microorganisms. Eucalyptus species has ____ which Acacia spp. has ____. a. Modulated roots - mycorrhizal roots b. Fibrous roots - pneumatophores c. Pneumatophores - fibrous roots d. Mycorrhizal roots - modulated roots

D. Mycorrhizal roots - modulated roots

Which of the following are direct influences of deforestation on soil chemistry? I. Removal of regular organic matter inputs. II. Decrease soil nutrients due to fire. III. Higher soil temperature. a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

d. I and III

The scientific name of Kalios is Streblus asper belonging to family Lauraceae. The fruits are ovoid. a. All statements are false. b. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. c. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. d. All statements are true.

b. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true.

The average growth of Azadirachta excelsa is 10cm/year in diameter and 2 cm/year in height. What is the total growth in height expressed in meters after 10 years if at 8th year onwards the average growth was reduced to 1.5 cm/yr only? a. I.85 b. 185 c. 0.185 d. 18.5

c. 0.185

Which of the following is NOT a necrosis of the green plant tissues? a. Blotch b. Blight c. Canker d. Firing

c. Canker

A more or less epherical protoplasmatic structure that governs the activities of the cell. a. Nodule b. Organelle c. Nucleolus d. Nucleus

d. Nucleus

These are located in the axils of leaves, i.e., in the upper angles between the points of juncture of leaves with stems. a. Flowers b. Tendrib c. Buds d. Ochrea

c. Buds

It is an area within a biome which has a characteristic ecosystem. a. Ecotone b. Ecological area c. Eco-tourism area d. Ecozone

d. Ecozone

Biologists have found that there is a direct relationship between the area of natural habitat and the number of species it can sustain. Reducing habitat size increase the risk of species extinction. a. All statements are true b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false c. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true d. All statements are false

a. All statements are true

Example of ecological values of the forest. a. Tidal wave, flood, and erosion barrier b. Ceremonial grounds c. Every species has the right to exist d. Venue for relaxation

a. Tidal wave, flood, and erosion barrier

The largest genus of the family Dipterocarpaceae. a. Dipterocarpus b. Vatica c. Hopea d. Shorea

d. Shorea

Leaves and rice straw can be used as mulch or a covering layer on top o the soil. What are the purpose of mulching? I. Decrease run-off and erosion II. Increases percolation of water into the soil III. Retard evaporation of water from the soil a. II and III b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. I and III

c. I, II, and III

Translocation is dependent on environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water. It involves the movement of various materials within a plant. a. The first statement is false, the second is true b. All statements are true c. All statements are false d. The first statement is true, the second is false

b. All statements are true