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PFLE Reviewer > 2014 Forest Ecosystem > Flashcards

2014 Forest Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following soil type has the highest water holding capacity?
a. Humus
b. Clay
c. Sand
d. Silt

A

b. Clay

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2
Q

Silvics is the study of life history and general characteristics of forest trees and stands with particular reference to environmental factors. Silviculture is the art of producing and tending a forest.
a. All statements a re false
b. All statements are true
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true

A

b. All statements are true

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3
Q

Areas which assure the natural conditions to protect nationally significant species, group of species, and biotic communities are referred to as _______.
a. National park
b, Natural park
c. Wildlife sanctuary
d. Strict nature reserve

A

c. Wildlife sanctuary

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4
Q

Fireline refers to a strip of about 10 meters wide on which all inflammable vegetation is cleared before the dry season to reduce the fire hazard in plantations. On the other hand, firebreaks refer to vegetation of less flammable species with dense foliage, planted closely, around 20 meters wide, which provide protection to fire sensitive stands.
a. All statements a re false
b. All statements are true
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true

A

b. All statements are true

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5
Q

In the forest, the ratio of apitong to guijo is 7:6 and the ratio of guijo to red lauan is 5:3. What is the ratio of apitong to red lauan?
a. 35:18
b. 7:3
c. 21:11
d. 6:5

A

a. 35:18

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6
Q

A species whose protection will also provide protection for other species, usually through habitat preservation.
a. Umbrella species
b. Keystone species
c. Indicator species
d. Flagship species

A

a. Umbrella species

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7
Q

It is the unit of vegetation which include not only the plants and animals therein but also all the physical and chemical components of the immediate environment or habitat.
a. Ecotourism area
b. Ecology
c. Bioregion
d. Ecosystem

A

d. Ecosystem

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8
Q

An assemblage of organism and the physical environment in which it exchanges energy and matter is known as ______.
a. Ecosystem
b. Niche
c. Biome
d. Habitat

A

a. Ecosystem

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9
Q

The water input to the Earths surface is known as ______.
a. Percolation
b. Evaporation
c. Transpiration
d. Precipitation

A

d. Precipitation

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10
Q

What combination of silvicultural prescriptions are needed for rouging in seed production areas?
I. Crop trees should be released to full sunlight on at least three sides
II. Leave all trees with good phenotypes
III. Remove all trees of inferior phenotypes if there are intensive openings
IV. Remove some good phenotypes so that remaining ones receive enough light
a. I, II, and IV
b. I, II, and III
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, III, and IV

A

d. I, III, and IV

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11
Q

It allows living together of two or more organisms, benefitting one, harming none.
a. Ecosystem effect
b. Parasitism
c. Commensalism
d. Biotic relationship

A

c. Commensalism

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12
Q

Water in the biosphere moves in cycles. Arrange in order the following water movement to describe the water cycle with rain as the primary source of water.
I. Transpiration and evaporation
II. Precipitation
III. Infiltration
IV. Condensation
a. I, IV, II, & III
b. II, III, I, & IV
c. IV, II, III, & I
d. III, I, IV, & II

A

b. II, III, I, & IV

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13
Q

Agoho and Talisay are some of the important Philippine tree species producing dye. Agoho species ______ dye while talisay produces ______ dye.
a. brown - red
b. red - brown
c. brown - yellow
d. yellow -brown

A

d. yellow - brown

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14
Q

Nitrogen fixation is the microbial conversion of nitrogen to NH4 which can be readily utilized by plants. Nitrogen fixation maybe symbiotic or non-symbiotic.
a. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true
b. All statements are true
c. All statements are false
d. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false

A

b. All statements are true

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15
Q

This fungi was found to cause post emergence of damping off and stem rot in selected species.
a. Fusarium moniliforme
b. Penicillium sp.
c. Fusarium solani
d. Apergillus niger

A

c. Fusarium solani

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16
Q

Deforestation contribute to global warming because it increases ______ in the atmosphere.
a. Nitrous oxide
b. Chlorofluocarbons
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Methane

A

c. Carbon dioxide

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17
Q

A soil to be classified as clay, should have at least ______% of clay particles by weight.
a. 20
b. 10
c. 30
d. 40

A

c. 30

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18
Q

Phosphorous deficiency is manifested through purpling of the leaves and stunted growth. Phosphorous is prevalent in volcanic ash soils such as those around Taal Volcano.
a. All statements are false
b. The first statement is true; the second is false
c. The first statement is false; the second is true
d. All statements are true

A

d. All statements are true

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19
Q

What processes is employed to identify potential pests or pathogens and the likelihood of their presence in the area where the species will be planted?
a. Provenance trial
b. Biological risk assessment
c. Environmental impact assessment
d. Species trial

A

b. Biological risk assessment

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20
Q

Tropical soils are highly susceptible to physical degradation if they are exposed to the sun. The higher the rainfall, the more susceptible the soil to leaching.
a. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
b. All statements are true
c. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
d. All statements are false

A

b. All statements are true

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21
Q

The measure of the ability of a substance in the soil to transfer heat is referred to as ______.
a. Soil convection
b. Soil conductivity
c. Specific heat conductivity
d. Thermal conductivity

A

d. Thermal conductivity

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22
Q

The principle of natural selection was formulated by _______.
a. Gregor Johan Mendel
b. Robet Hooke
c. Linnaeus
d. Charles Darwin

A

d. Charles Darwin

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23
Q

This process involves the testing of isolated organisms by inoculation into healthy trees of the same species in the area or region where the organisms were isolated.
a. Serological method
b. Serological studies
c. Crafting studies
d. Pathogenecity test

A

d. Pathogenecity test

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered as possible seed production area?
a. Area with trees which have large crown surface
b. Trees in the stand are already in their reproductive stage
c. Middle age stand
d. Trees in the stand are not yet in their reproductive stage

A

d. Trees in the stand are not yet in their reproductive stage

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25
Q

Which of the following are macronutrients needed for plant growth and development?
I. Magnesium
II. Iron
III. Calcium
a. I, II, & III
b. I & III
c. I, II, & III
d. I & II

A

d. I & III

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26
Q

Which of the following objectives refer to tree improvement?
I. Genetic improvement and cultivation of selected plants
II. Improvement of genetic base of species
III. Assurance of the availability of the materials needed
a. II and III
b. I and III
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II

A

c. I, II, and III

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27
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of El Ni񯿊a. Brings about droughts and extreme dryness
b. Brings massive flooding
c. Brings heavy downpour
d. Triggers soil erosion

A

a. Brings about droughts and extreme dryness

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28
Q

What is that product arising as a result of the genotypical response of a population to a definite habitat?
a. Phenotype
b. Ecotype
c. Migrants
d. Genotype

A

b. Ecotype

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29
Q

Which is NOT characteristics of a genotype?
a. Character as we can see it.
b. An individual hereditary constitution without phenotypic expression
c. Determined chiefly from performance of progeny and other relatives
d. An individual hereditary constitution with phenotype expression.

A

a. Character as we can see it

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30
Q

Natura parks are relatively large areas no materially altered by human activity wherein extractive resources uses are not allowed. Such areas are maintained to protect the outstanding natural and scenic areas of national and international significance for scientific, educational, and recreational use.
a. Both statements are false
b. The first statement is true while the second statement is false
c. Both statements are true
d. The first statement is false while the second statement is true

A

c. Both statements are true

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31
Q

The variety of life on earth and ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain is referred to as ______.
a. Fauna
b. Flora
c. Species
d. Biological diversity

A

d. Biological diversity

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32
Q

Leaf blight is best descrived by which of the following symptoms?
I. Spotting
II. Sudden wilting
III. Death of leaves, flowers, or entire plant
a. I and III
b. I, II, and III
c. II and III
d. I and II

A

b. I, II, and III

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33
Q

Ecosystems are composed of biotic and abiotic elements. What are the functions of abiotic elements?
I. Involved in the energy absorption
II. Involved in the release of chemical substances.
III. Involved in forming communities
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II only
c. II and III only
d. I and III only

A

b. I and II only

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34
Q

Which of the following are preventive measures in regulating damping off disease?
I. Place seedlings in more than 50% shade
II. Avoid over crowding of seedlings
III. Use dried lead mold/litters or organic matter
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

A

d. I, II, and III

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35
Q

The basic unit of organic entity-environment interaction resulting from the complex interplay of living and non-living elements of the temporal and spatial dimension is known as ______.
a. Biodiversity
b. Carbon cycle
c. Nitrogen cycle
d. Ecosystem

A

d. Ecosystem

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36
Q

In higher plants, this term refers to the irreversible increase in volume along particular axis.
a. Elongation
b. Assimilation
c. Root initiation
d. Differentiation

A

a. Elongation

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37
Q

The main advantage of establishing a plantation on a completely cleared and burned site is rapid development of the plantation. Why?
I. Little competition from seeds
II. Good supply of nutrient
III. Little water is evaporated
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. I and III

A

b. I and II

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38
Q

It was reported by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that out of the 11,046 endangered and extinct plant and animal species in 112 countries, about 8.44% are in the Philippines. What is the estimate in terms of number of species?
a. 932
b. 995
c. 994
d. 98

A

a. 932

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39
Q

The application of preventive and control techniques so that economic damage is avoided and adverse effects on the environment are minimized is known as ______.
a. Outbreak regulation
b. Forest entomology
c. Insect control
d. Pest management

A

d. Pest management

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40
Q

It is an event that occurs when discharge of stream overflows from a well-defined channel.
a. Flood
b. Typhoon
c. Landslide
d. Earthquake

A

a. Flood

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41
Q

Which is NOT a method for testing seed viability?
a. Gemination test
b. Direct inspection
c. Flotation
d. Purity test

A

d. Purity test

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42
Q

RA 7586 (NIPAS Law) mandates the establishment of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). Which of the following functions of the PAMB are embodied in the NIPAS Law?
I. Plans and administers the protected area
II. Delineate boundaries
III. Conduct researches
a. I and III only
b. II and III only
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II only

A

d. I and II only

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43
Q

Why is the Philippines considered a megadiverse country?
I. It is rich area in terms of biodiversity
II. Because of the archipelagic nature of the country
III. It has unique set of specialization/high degree of endemism
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. I, II, and III
d. II and III

A

b. I and III

44
Q

Decomposing organic matter that is at a stage where its constituents are already indistinguishable is referred to as ______.
a. Humus
b. Duff
c. A-horizon
d. Litter

A

a. Humus

45
Q

What type of soil has less than 15% silt and clay, light in texture and can hold less water and minerals but more air?
a. Loam
b. Sandy loam
c. Clay
d. Sandy

A

d. Sandy

46
Q

What are some of the requirements for suitable species for erosion control?
I. It must be straight-boled
II. It should have deep and wide spread root system
III. It must be able to withstand long dry season
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. I, II, and III
d. II and III

A

d. II and III

47
Q

A relatively large, not materially altered by human activity, where extractive resources uses are not allowed and which is maintained to protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of national and international significance for scientific, educational, and recreational use if referred to as ______.
a. Protected landscape/seascape
b. Game refuge
c. National park
d. Natural park

A

d. Natural park

48
Q

Mr. Santos was informed that his Gmelina seedlings are attacked by root rot. What control measures can you recommend to him?
I. Expose seedlings directly to sunlight
II. Expose the seedlings to partial sunshine
III. Provide sufficient air circulation
a. I and II.
b. I, II, and III
c. II and III
d. I and III

A

c. II and III

49
Q

Pneumatophores are roots which protrude vertically above the ground. Which of the following have pneumatophores?
I. Avicenia spp.
II. Sonneretia spp.
III. Brugierra spp.
IV. Rhizophora spp.
a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. II and IV
d. I and II

A

d. I and II

50
Q

Organisms which break down complex compounds of dead protoplasm, absorb products of decomposition and release inorganic nutrients are termed as _______.
a. Phagotrophs
b. Autotrophs
c. Saprotrophs
d. Allelotrophs

A

c. Saprotrophs

51
Q

The amount of water in soils is determined by rainfall, drainage, waterholding power of soil particles, nature of subsoil, among other. That water is held tenaciously by soil particles after capillary water has been removed is known as _____.
a. Stemflow
b. Hygroscopic water
c. Runoff water
d. Gravitational water

A

b. Hygroscopic water

52
Q

It refers to all types of forest that may not be utilized for timber production and which include old growth forest, mossy forest, submarginal forest, forest on slopes above 50% forest at elevation greater than 1,000 meters above sea level, all strips bordering river banks and mangrove areas along shorelines.
a. Production forest
b. Forest reserve
c. Protection forest
d. Reforestation area

A

c. Protection forest

53
Q

A pest is an organism which may be large small or microscopic, that cause damage on crops. Which of the following is NOT a pest?
a. Man
b. Pathogens
c. Mycorrhiza
d. Insect

A

c. Mycorrhiza

54
Q

Which refer to fungi?
I. Do not contain chlorophyll
II. Lives as parasite
III. Make their own food
a. I and III
b. II and III
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II

A

a. I and III

55
Q

This refers to the science of studying the vegetative and reproductive parts of trees and their development.
a. Plant taxonomy
b. Dendrology
c. Tree improvement
d. Tree morphology

A

d. Tree morphology

56
Q

Which of the following characterize(s) an autotroph substance?
I. An organism that synthesize its own food
II. Its secretion has an inhibitory effect on other organisms
a. Neither I nor II
b. I only
c. II only
d. I and II

A

b. I only

57
Q

A scientist stated that the volume composition of the representative soil in optimum condition for plant growth would approximate 50% pore space. What does this mean?
a. 35% water and 15% air
b. 45% air and 5% water
c. 45% water and 5% air
d. 25% water and 25% air

A

d. 25% water and 25% air

58
Q

A technique/principle referring to the reduction in terms of severity of the disease in infected crop plants or plant products by chemical or physical method.
a. Eradication
b. Avoidance of the pathogen
c. Therapy
d. Development of plant resistant to disease

A

c. Therapy

59
Q

The average growth of Azadirachta excelsa is 10 cm/year in diameter and 2 cm/year in height, what is its total growth in height expressed in meter after 10 years if at 8th year onwards the average growth was reduced to 1.5 cm/year only.
a. 18.5
b. 185
c. 1.85
d. 0.185

A

d. 0.185

60
Q

Which refers to flagship species?
I. Animal or plant that generate a large amount of popular interest
II. A species that is not self-nourishing and relies on immigration to survive
III. Often used in conservation to protect less charismatic species that share habitat with them.
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

A

b. I and III

61
Q

This is the cellular organelles of plants that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondrion

A

c. Chloroplast

62
Q

Bagras is a large tree with leaves which are opposite or nearly opposite in young trees and alternate in mature trees. The fruit is small and contain numerous minute seeds.
a. All statements are true
b. All statements are false
c. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true
d. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false

A

a. All statements are true

63
Q

The following are the pest control tactics being practiced to minimize damages, except ______.
a. Planting of insect repellant species
b. Avoid the establishment of monoculture plantation
c. Regulate forest composition
d. Planting of exotic species

A

d. Planting of exotic species

64
Q

When dark mycelia appears on the surface of necrotic spots, the symptom is called ______.
a. Speck
b. Blotch
c. Scorch
d. Damping off

A

b. Blotch

65
Q

It refers to the collective term for the corolla and calyx.
a. Stamen
b. Sepal
c. Perianth
d. Flower

A

c. Perianth

66
Q

Buffer zones promote sustainability of use of wild plant and animal species by local communities. They provide extra protection against storm damage.
a. All statements are true
b. All statements are false
c. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true
d. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false

A

a. All statements are true

67
Q

This process determine the incidence, severity and degree of damage of the pest or disease or other agents to the crop of the forest stands as a whole.
a. Disease assessment
b. Disease forescasting/modelling
c. Reporting
d. Surveillance

A

a. Disease assessment

68
Q

Translocation is dependent on environment factor such as light, temperature, and water. It involves the movement of various materials within the plant.
a. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true
b. All statements are true
c. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false
d. All statements are false

A

b. All statements are true

69
Q

This species has remained confined to Taal Lake.
a. Goby
b. Pait-pait
c. Sapsap
d. Tawilis

A

d. Tawilis

70
Q

Which refers to raptors or bird of prey?
I. They regulate the population of snakes, wild rodents, and other small animals.
II. They have massive beaks
III. Philippine eagle is an example
a. I, II, and III
b. I and III only
c. II and III only
d. I and II only

A

a. I, II, and III

71
Q

Gall rust generally attacks Molucaan sau. Leaf spot usually attacks Kaatoan bangkal.
a. All statements are true
b. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
c. All statements are false
d. The first statement is true; the second statement is false

A

a. All statements are true

72
Q

What environment factor triggers the influx of potassium ions into the guard cells that causes the opening of stomata?
a. Light
b. Water
c. Temperature
d. Wind

A

a. Light

73
Q

These are cells capable of active cell division and differentiation into specialized tissue.
a. Parenchyma
b. Meristem
c. Vascular cambium
d. Phellogen

A

c. Vascular cambium

74
Q

The sympton is known as _____ when the necrotic tissue within a leafspot cracks and falls from the surrounding tissue while ______ is that when drak mycelia appear on the surface of a necrotic spot.
a. Blight - blotch
b. Spot - shot hole
c. Shot hole - blotch
d. Blight - specks

A

c. Shot hole - blotch

75
Q

This is an abnormal cyclical weather that causes the warming of tropical waters within the equatorial range of the Pacific Ocean.
a. Drought
b. El Ni񯊣. La Ni񡊤. Red tide

A

b. El Ni񯍊”What are the relationships of mycorrhiza and the plants?

76
Q

I. The fungi interact with the root tissue to form organs that increase ability of the plants to extract minerals

A
77
Q

II. The fungi are supplied with photosynthesis by the plant.

A
78
Q

III. Plants allow fungi to under nutrient cycling.

A
79
Q

a. I

A

II

80
Q

b. II and III only

A
81
Q

c. I and II only

A
82
Q

d. I and III only”

A

a. I, II, and III

83
Q

A silvicultural treatment that aims to free a stand below the sapling stage from competing unwanted plant species that threaten to suppress them.
a. Thinning
b. Sanitation cutting
c. Release cutting
d. Improvement cutting

A

c. Release cutting

84
Q

Good mother trees are sources of high quality planting materials be it seeds or vegetative material. Which is NOT a characteristics of a good mother tree?
a. It can be between young to overmature tree in terms of age.
b. It has a well-balanced crown
c. It is free from pests and diseases
d. It should be a dominant tree

A

a. It can be between young to overmature tree in terms of age

85
Q

The sudden wilting and toppling over of seedlings as a result of extensive necrosis of stem near the soil line is referred to as ______.
a. Damping-off disease
b. Firing
c. Spot
d. Scorch

A

a. Damping-off disease

86
Q

It refers to the process by which water penetrates into the soil.
a. Infiltration
b. Evaporation
c. Transpiration
d. Interception

A

a. Infiltration

87
Q

Canker disease in tree species are evidence d by which of the following:
I. Longitudinal bark cracks
II. Girdled branches
III. Necrosis of leaves
a. II and III
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I and III

A

c. I, II, and III

88
Q

What kind of fruit has narra?
a. Follicle
b. Caryopsis
c. Schizocarp
d. Samara

A

d. Samara

89
Q

It refers to that part of the embryo above the point of attachment of the cotyledons upon which growth forms the shoot of the plant.
a. Periderm
b. Epicotyl
c. Hypocotyl
d. Endosperm

A

b. Epicotyl

90
Q

______ are plants, animals, or microorganisms that are confined to a particular geographic boundary while ________ are restricted to a certain geographic area.
a. Vulnerable - endangered species
b. Endemic - rare species
c. Endemic - uncommon species
d. Rare - uncommon species

A

b. Endemic - rare species

91
Q

Which of the following may lead to astonishing levels of species diversity and biological specialization?
I. Competition between predator and prey
II. Struggle for nutrients
III. Competition between herbivores and plants
a. I, II, and III
b. II and III
c. I and II
d. I and III

A

a. I, II, and III

92
Q

The forester in-charge of plantation establishment knows that the atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used directly by plants, so they have to look for available nitrogen. Which of the following are possible sources of nitrogen?
I. Mineralization of humus
II. Nitrogen conveyed by rain and storms
III. Bacteria in the root nodules
a. II and III only
b. I and III only
c. I, II, and III
d. I and II only

A

c. I, II, and III

93
Q

The method or reducing water evaporation from the soil by spreading on the soil a layer of material such as straw, dead leave and paper is known as ______.
a. Mulching
b. Hardening-off
c. Layering
d. Girdling

A

a. Mulching

94
Q

What is the upper limit of the water holding capacity of the soil?
a. Maximum tolerance
b. Filed penetration capacity
c. Saturation point
d. Field capacity

A

d. Field capacity

95
Q

The home of an organism in all its dimension or have it fits into and makes a living in its natural ecosystem is referred to as ________.
a. Niche
b. Biosphere
c. Habitat
d. Biome

A

a. Niche

96
Q

A dicot plant has a taproot system. Conifers are cone-bearing plants.
a. The first statement is false the second statement is true
b. All statements are true
c. The first statement is true and the second statement is false
d. All statements are false

A

b. All statements are true

97
Q

Which of the following species is suited for fuelwood production?
I. Eucalyptus deglupta (4200-4600 kcal/kg)
II. Gmelina arborea (4700-4800 kcal/kg)
III. Acacia auriculiformis (4800-4900 kcal/kg)
IV. Trema orientalis (4000-4500 kcal/kg)
a. III
b. II
c. I
d. IV

A

a. III

98
Q

Which of the following are caused by micro-fungi?
I. Reduction of seed germination
II. Decay and loss of seed viability
III. Infection of nursery seedlings
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. II and III

A

a. I, II, and III

99
Q

These symptoms indicate overgrowth due to abnormal increase in the number of cells.
a. Necrotic symptoms
b. Endemic symptoms
c. Hypertrophic symptoms
d. Atrophic symptoms

A

c. Hypertrophic symptoms

100
Q

Which of the following cause stem diseases of Falcata trees?
I. Corticum salmonicolor
II. Uromycladium tepperium
III. Septoria alni
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. I and III

A

b. I and II

101
Q

Ebony (Diospyros ferrea) is a valuable forest tree resource that grows along rocky seashores. To what family does it belong?
a. Caesalpiniacea
b. Dipterocarpaceae
c. Malvaceae
d. Ebenaceae

A

d. Ebenaceae

102
Q

A vegetative strip of land that provide an additional protective layer to the forest.
a. Greenbelt
b. Firelines
c. Buffer zone
d. Firebreaks

A

c. Buffer zone

103
Q

The basic-unit of organic entity-environment interaction resulting from the complex interplay of living and non-living elements in a specified temporal and spatial dimension is called _______.
a. Nitrogen cycle
b. Carbon cycle
c. Biodiversity
d. Ecosystem

A

d. Ecosystem

104
Q

Plants are classified as ______ if the male and female parts are found in separate plants.
a. Dioecious
b. Perfect
c. Dicots
d. Monoecious

A

a. Dioecious

105
Q

Genetic resources collected from in-situ sources include population of both wild and domesticated species. Genetic resources from ex-situ sources may or may not have originated in the Philippines.
a. All statements are false
b. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
c. All statements are true
d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true

A

c. All statements are true

106
Q

Which of the following are examples of pencil-like roots?
a. Plant roots
b. Stilt roots
c. Prop roots
d. Pneumatophores

A

d. Pneumatophores

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