2010 Forest Ecosystem Flashcards by Clyde Louise Arbilo

_____ begins with predominantly inorganic environment and characterized by early and continued dominance of producers.
a. Primary succession
b. Heterotrophic succession
c. Ecological succession
d. Autotrophic succession

d. Autotrophic succession

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Atrophic symptoms are disease symptoms manifested when there is slowing down in development of plant parts or failure of organs to develop fully. _____ is that condition when internodes are stunted and when leaves are clustered.
a. Chlorosis
b. Etiolation
c. Rosetting
d. Suppression

c. Rosetting

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____ is a transition area between a protected area and the surrounding landscape.
a. Multiple management zone
b. Buffer zone
c. Hedgerows
d. Wilderness area

b. Buffer zone

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The enlarged, basal portion of a pistil in which ovules are found:
a. Pericycle
b. Pericarp
c. Ovary
d. Peristome

c. Ovary

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RA 9072 is the National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act. RA 9147 is the Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act.
a. All the statements are true.
b. The first statement is true while the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false while the second statement is true
d. All statements are false

a. All statements are true

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____ is the law that primarily manages the Philippines protected area systems.
a. RA 7586
b. EO 108
c. RA 6239
d. PD 705

a. RA 7586

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____ is the place where organisms live while ____ are large, recognizable community units resulting from interaction between regional climates and regional biota.
a. Biomes - habitats
b. Habitat - biomes
c. Ecosystem - environment
d. Environment - ecosystem

b. Habitat - biomes

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About 1.4 million species of animals and plants are known to science but there are believed to be at least three times this number waiting to be discovered. If 50% of the unknown were discovered and named, what is the total number of animal and plant species known to science?
a. 5.6 M
b. 3.5 M
c. 4.2 M
d. 2.1 M

b. 3.5 M

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The family with tanniferous trees and shrubs.
a. Malvaceae
b. Moraceae
c. Rutaceae
d. Anacardiaceae

d. Anacardiaceae

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The study of the evolutionary relationship of organisms using both fossils and modern living representatives of a group of species:
a. Taxonomy
b. Classification
c. Systematics
d. Dendrology

c. Systematics

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A carbohydrate material that makes up the cell walls of most plants.
a. Chlorophyll
b. Sucrose
c. Cellulose
d. Chloroplast

c. Cellulose

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It is the part of the cell wall where ATP synthesis occurs.
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Nucleus
c. Vacuole
d. Mitochondrion

d. Mitochondrion

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A broad-leave plant shedoff its leaves at the end of each growing season.
a. Biennial
b. Annual
c. Decidous
d. Monocot

c. Decidous

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Which statement refer to forest tree improvement?
I. It involves the combination of parentage and silviculture.
II. Its purpose is to improve the overall yield of product.
III. It improve the quality of the products.
a. I and II
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and III

b. I, II, and III

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What differentiates cyme from corymb as form of inflorescence?
a. Inner flowers open first
b. Inner flower open last
c. Arrange like ribs of umbrella
d. Flowers start from all points

a. Inner flower open first

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The symptom is known as ____ when the necrotic tissue within a leafspot cracks and falls from surrounding tissue while ____ is that when dark mycelia appear on the surface of the necrotic spot.
a. Shot hole - blotch
b. Blight - specks
c. Spot - shot hole
d. Blight - blotch

a. Shot hole - blotch

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Physical disturbance of the ecosystem disrupt the nutrient cycling mechanism. Highly adapted biological cycles are more susceptible to disruption.
a. All statements are true
b. All statements are false
c. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
d. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false

d. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false

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Generally bound in freshwater/swamp forest.
a. Owls, doves, and pigeons
b. Fruits oats and mice
c. Herons, dusks, flycatchers
d. Snakes and frogs

c. Herons, dusks, flycatchers

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Seeds classified based on longevity are either orthodox or recalcitrant. Orthodox seeds can be stored at low or subfreezing temperature for a long time.
a. All statements are true
b. The first statement is true, the second is false
c. All statement are false
d. The first statement is false, the second is true

d. The first statement is false, the second is true

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Which of the following are characteristics of leaf miner attacking bagras?
I. Damage is caused primarily by larvae
II. Damage leaves became skeletonized
III. Adults are black
a. I and III
b. II and III
c. I and II
d. I, II, and III

c. I and II

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As it attacks bagras, this insect concentrates on the inflorescence of the still unrecognizable fruits just below the developing flower bud.
a. Butterly
b. Mealy bugs
c. Gall midge
d. Leaf hoppers

c. Gall midge

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The forester in-charge of plantation establishment knows that the atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used directly by plants, so they have to look for available nitrogen. Which of the following are sources of nitrogen?
I. Mineralization of humus
II. Nitrogen conveyed by rain and storms
III. Bacteria in the root nodules
a. II and III
b. I, II, and III
c. I and II
d. I and III

b. I, II, and III

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After three weeks of observation, you noticed that the leaves of your mahogany trees have yellow spots all over the green seams remain along the vein. Your trees lack ____.
a. Magnesium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Iron

a. Magnesium

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Radiant energy is sole energy that can be used by green plants. What happens when radiant energy is intercepted by the leaf?
I. It can be absorbed
II. It can be transmitted
III. It can be reflected
a. I and II only
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III only
d. II and III only

b. I, II, and III

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A large planting hole with plenty of refilled soil result to: I. Higher initial growth II. Water logged seedlings III. Increase survival rate a. I, II, and III b. I and II c. II and III d. I and III

d. I and III

____ is the unit of vegetation which includes not only the plants of which it is composed but the animals habitually associated with them and also all the physical and chemical components of the immediate environment or habitat. a.. Forest b. Ecosystem c. Ecology d. Bioregion

b. Ecosystem

This class has flowers which develop into fruits completely surround the seeds. a. Gymnosperms b. Monocots c. Angiosperms d. Dicots

c. Angiosperms

In the forest, the ratio of Apitong to Guijo is 7:6 and the ratio of Guijo to Red Lauan is 5:3. What is the ratio of Apitong to Red Lauan? a. 21:11 b. 35:18 c. 6:5 d. 7:3

b. 35:18

Nitrogen fixation is the microbiological conversion of nitrogen to NH4 which can be readily utilized by plants. Nitrogen fixation maybe symbiotic or non-symbiotic. a. The first statement is false, the second is true b. All statements are false c. All statements are true d. The first statement is true, the second is false

c. All statements are true

____ has tiny pipelines that carry water with small amount of dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves of leaves. a. Phloem b. Xylem c. Cork layer d. Cambium

b. Xylem

____ is the process by which cell walls and protoplasm absorb water, making them softer, swollen, and more elastic. a. Diffusion b. Absorption c. Osmosis d. Imbibition

d. Imbibition

Which of the following are characteristics of seed production areas? I. All are natural and artificial stands of proven genetic quality II. All undergo progeny testing III. All undergo routing a. I and III b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. II and III

a. I and III

Usually when plants are kept in rooms without sunlight, dwarfing chlorosis and spindlines are observed. This disease symptom si known as ____. a. Chlorosis b. Etiolation c. Rosetting d. Necrosis

b. Etiolation

The thorax of an insect consists of ____ tightly fused segments. a. Two b. Three c. Five d. Four

b. Three

Which is NOT a part of the leg? a. Femur b. Cardo c. Trochanter d. Larvae

b. Cardo

____ indicates that the seeds are free from any pathogenic microflora and harmful insects. a. Seed health certification b. Quarantines report c. Species health record d. Pathogenic certificate

a. Seed health certification

Which is NOT a tree or a shrub? a. Psidium guajava b. Fragrostis curvuravea c. Homonia riparea d. Datura alba

b. Fragrostis curvuravea

The ____ of the soil refers to the sizes particles that predominate while ____ refers to the arrangement of soil particles into aggregates. a. Structure - texture b. Texture - structure c. Texture - horizons d. Structure - horizons

b. Texture - structure

The fruit of bagras is small woody ____. a. Pome b. Stone c. Head d. Capsule

d. Capsule

Glycolysis is the first phase in the process of ____. a. Assimilation b. Respiration c. Transpiration d. Absorption

b. Respiration

What kind of fruit has narra? a. Samara b. Schigocarp c. Caryopsis d. Follicle

a. Samara

Leaching is more pronounced in the temperate countries than in the tropics. Leaching resulted to high temperature and high level of biological community. a. Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false. b. All statements are false. c. All statements are true. d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true.

d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true.

Which of the following refer to the process of infestation of shoot moth to Pinus caribbea? I. Larvae bore through the tissues virtually cutting off the shoots. II. The moths attack causes lateral roots to die back. III. Side shoots develop at the site of damage. a. I and III b. I and II c. II and III d. I, Ii, and III

d. I, II, and III

What is the upper limit of the water holding capacity of the soil? a. Field capacity b. Maximum tolerance c. Field saturation capacity d. Saturation point

a. Field capacity

It is a supporting and strengthening tissue in which the cells have irregular primary wall thickenings. a. Lysosomes b. Collenchyma c. Parenchyma d. Schlerenchyma

b. Collenchyma

Which of the following characterize Hemiptera? I. It has mandibulate mouth parts. II. It has thick and hard front wings. a. I only b. I and II c. Neither I nor II d. II only

c. Neither I nor II

Palasan is a clustering, climbing and branching rattan species. It is an endemic species thriving in primary and secondary forest. a. All statements are true. b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. c. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. d. All statements are false.

a. All statements are true.

The soil is impervious if it ___. a. Can be solidified b. Cannot be penetrated by liquid or gas c. Cannot travel in upward movement d. Can be cleaned by action of water

b. Cannot by penetrated by liquid of gas

It deals with the distribution of plants on the Earths surface. a. Plant systematics b. Plant succession c. Plant geography d. Plant ecology

c. Plant geography

High rainfall over long period washed many water soluble material nutrients out of the soil. This process is known is ____. a. Erosion b. Percolation c. Leaching d. Surface runoff

c. Leaching

Nutrient deficiency resulted to reduced growth or stunting. Severe stunting is principally caused by lack of iron and calcium. a. All statements are true b. All statements are false c. The first statement is true, the second is false d. The first statement is false, the second is true

c. The first statement is true, the second is false

How do you classify a surface of a leaf or a stem covered with small wart-like projections? a. Rugose b. Muricate c. Tuberculate d. Glabrous

c. Tuberculate

When outplanting seedlings, it is a good practice to put 1.5 m stakes to support them. if you have 8 m-long bamboo sticks, how many 8 m-long sticks do you need to stake a 1 hectare plantation planted at 2x2m spacing? a. 3,750 b. 750 c. 2,500 d. 970

b. 750

The Philippines has four climatic types based on rainfall throughout the year. The first type has ____. a. No dry season with a very pronounced maximum rainy period from November to January., b. Rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. c. Two pronounced seasons, dry season from November to April; wet during the rest of the year. d. Seasons are not very pronounced; relatively dry from November to April, and wet the rest of the year.

c. Two pronounced seasons, dry season from November to April; wet during the rest of the year.

Which of the following characterize an ecosystem? I. Place which can be recognized within their general surroundings. II. Placed defined by territory of one animal species. III. Place defined by predominance of the plant species. a. I and III b. II and III c. I, II, and III d. I and II

c. I, II, and III

Leaf margins that are cut into teeth that are rounded, are referred to as ____. a. Crenate b. Serrate c. Dentate d. Sinuate

a. Crenate

Ips calligraphus is considered the worst pest of pine at Camp John Hay, Baguio City. Which of the following characteristics refers to i. calligraphus? I. Prefers recently felled or weakened trees. II. Predominantly attacks the main trunk. III. The adult is small black when mature. a. I, II, and III b. II and III c. I and II d. I and III

a. I, II, and III

The growth or yield of a tree depends upon food production consumption (photosynthesis) being ___ the food consumption (respiration). a. More of less equal to b. Considerably lesser than c. Equal to d. Considerably greater than

d. Considerably greater than

Kamatog and kayagulo belong to the family ___ a. Caesalpiniaceae b. Combretaceae c. Burseraceae d. Casuarinasea

a. Caelsalpiniaceae

The branches of roots originate from an internal tissue referred to as: a. Rhizome b. Root cap c. Pericycle d. Root hair

c. Pericycle

A vascular bundle connecting the vascular system of a leaf with that of the stem. a. Leaf primordium b. Node c. Leaf trace d. Hilum

c. Leaf trace

____ is the production of the protoplast from nonliving materials like food and minerals. a. Photosynthesis b. Reproduction c. Assimilation d. Respiration

c. Assimilation

_____ is the product of sexual reproduction of plants. a. Seed b. Flower c. Fruit d. Seedling

a. Seed

Species trials involve series of tests to determine the suitability of any tree species to an area given the prevailing site conditions. Which of the series of tests uses survival rate only as indicator of performance? a. Species elimination test b. Species growth test c. Species performance test d. Species selection test

a. Species elimination test

What gives the sandy soil its looseness, good aeration, good drainage, and easy tillage characteristics? a. The relatively high amount of inorganic materials. b. The relatively low amount of organic materials. c. The relatively low amount of inorganic materials. d. The relatively high amount of organic materials.

c. The relatively low amount of inorganic materials.

_____ protects the natural resources of the area for future use and present development activities that could affect those resources, while ____ protects and preserve natural areas with unique features. a. Resource reserve - natural monument b. Natural biotic area - protected landscapes c. Protected landscape - natural biotic area d. Natural monument - resource reserves

a. Resource reserve - natural monument

What do you mean if the soil is said to be permeable? a. It can change from on kind to another. b. It can become solid. c. it is sticky. d. It can be penetrated by liquid.

d. It can be penetrated by liquid.

To further promote biodiversity in the country, Memorandum Cicular no. 2004-06 was implemented. What strategy is being promoted by this circular? a. Rainforestation farming b. Logban c. Sustainable forestry d. Assisted natural regeneration

a. Rainforestation farming

____ refers to the swelling of the bark beyond girdling wound due to over-accumulation of food. a. Etiolation b. Epinasty c. Sarcody d. Dwarfing

c. Sarcody

Which refers to Mt Apo National Park? I About 75,000 hectares II. Proclaimed through RA 9237 III. Highest peak in the Philippines a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

c. II and III

The carbonized remains to compressed carboniferous forest is known as. a. Pigments b. Coal c. Peat d. Caulk

b. Coal

_____ is the splitting of water to provide hydrogen ion and gaseous oxygen. a. Hydrolysis b. Photosynthesis c. Photolysis d. Electrolysis

d. Electrolysis

Which of the following are some required activities to be conducted in seed certification? I. Determine history of the seed source. II. Conduct field inspection of mother trees. III. Replicate plantation to other sites. a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

b. I, II, and III

What are some of the requirements for suitable species for erosion control? I. It must be straight boled. II. It should have deep and wide spread root system. III. It must be able to withstand drought. a. II and III b. I and II c. I and III d. I, II, and III

a. II and III

If some plants are given too much fertilizer and others too little, this lowers fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizer applied on the soil surface during dry weather are subject to removal through run-off during sudden rain. a. The first statement is false, the second is true b. All statements are false c. All statements are true d. The first statement is true, the second is false.

c. All statements are true

Which of the following refer to protected landscape? I. Maintain nationally significant natural landmark. II. Protect nationally significant species. III. Provide opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism. a, II and III b. I, II, and III c. I and II d. I and III

d. I and III

Which of the following characterize alibangbang (Bauhinia malabarica)? I. The leaves are cut from the tip into a pair of similar lobes which joined halfway to the base. II. The flowers are very small and are borne on very long slender spike like flowering branches. III. The fruit is flat and splits lengthwise at maturity to release seeds. a. II and III b. I and II c. I, II, and III d. I and III

d. I and III

Weeds compete with the seedlings for nutrients , water, and light. Which of the following are characteristics of weeds? I. They are vigorous and grow faster. II. They produce seeds prolifically III. They usually creep and spread by means of underground stems and rhizomes a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

b. I, II, and III

Leaves which are more or less curved as to their shape are termed as ____. a. Falcate b. Obovate c. Ovate d. Orbicular

a. Falcate

_____ are some living things that seem to belong to neither the plant or animal kingdom. a. Diatom b. Digitales c. Cells d. Protist

d. Protist

Most platns are able to manufacture their own food from raw materials from the air and soil. The simplest form of green plants is known as ____? a. Algae b. Bacteria c. Virus d. Fungi

a. Algae

When old, this species has bark that peels off in long irregular thin flakes. a. Bagras b. Gubas c. Yemane d. Lamug

a. Bagras

Which are characteristics of moist forests? I. High level of species interaction II. Life cycle are intimately interrelated III. They can also survive in isolation a. I and III b. II and III c. I, II, and III d. I and II

d. I and II

The destructive stage of the shoot moth is the larvae. It bores through the tissue and results in the production of side shoots at the point of damage. a. Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. b. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false. c. All statements are true. d. All statements are false.

c. All statements are true.

This refers to pre-emergence damping off. a. MIcrofungi infest leaves only. b. Infection of seed embryos prevents radicle emergence. c. Microfungi infest stem and root system. d. Infection occurs when seed germinates.

b. Infection of seed embryos prevents radicle emergence.

The outermost whorl of flower parts frequently green in color and leaflike: a. Tepal b. Petal c. Periant d. Sepal

d. Sepal

The loss of water in liquid form as droplets along the marine of the leaves is referred to as guttation. When does this happen? a. When transpiration equals absorption. b. When transpiration exceeds absorption. c. When transpiration is lower than absorption. d. When the roots of the plants are water soaked.

c. When transpiration is lower than absorption.

Which of the following are considered as virulent damping-off organisms? I. Fusarium spp. II. Streptomycets spp. III. Pythium spp. a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. I and III

d. I and III

The young leaves of Himbabao are cooked and eaten as vegetable. What is its scientific name? a. Embella philippinensis b. Embelia luzonicus c. Alleanthus mindanensis d. Allenthus luzonicus

d. Alleanthus luzonicus

Which of the following show high level of species interdependence in tropical forests? I. Presence or root symbionts II. Plants and their pollinating animals III. Plants are their fruit dispersing agents a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III

d. I, II, and III

Damping-off is classified as a ____ symptom while chlorosis is a ____ symptom. a. Necrotic - atrophic b. Atrophic - necrotic c. Necrotic - hypertrophic d. Hypertrophic - atrophic

a. Necrotic - atrophic

____ have identical wings which are parallel to the body when at rest. a. Damselflies b. Grasshoppers c. Fireflies d. Dragonflies

a. Damselflies

Which of the following has small winged and windblown seeds? a. Falcate b. Kamagong c. Banaba d. Kaatoan bangkal

c. Banaba

_____ is the movement of chemical elements and inorganic compound that are essential to life. a. Nitrogen cycle b. Sulfur cycle c. Phosphorous cycle d. Nutrient cycling

d. Nutrient cycling

Which of the following insects are polyphagous and feed on different tree species? I. Grasshopper II. Crickets III. Beetles a. I and III b. II and III c. I, II, and III d. I and II

d. I and II

This disease of Eucalyptus deglupta is characterized by the dying backward of shoot and the curling of infected leaves and shoots. a. Shoot blight b. Damping-off c. Tip blight d. Leaf spot

c. Tip blight

Tropical soils are highly susceptible to physical degradation if they are exposed to the sun. The higher the rainfall, the more susceptible the soil to leaching. a. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true. b. All statements are true c. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false d. All statements are false

b. All statements are true

A small flattened cytoplasmic organelle having a secretory function. a. Ribosome b. Flagellum c. Dictyosome d. Hydrophyte

c. Dictyosome

_____ refers to the fraction of the soil water not available to the plants. a. Water holding capacity b. Capillary fringe c. Field capacity d. Hydroscopic coefficient

d. Hydroscopic coefficient

The average diamater of 5 narra trees in a plantation in Aurora is 32 cm diameter. If 4 of the narra trees ahs 25, 27, 19, and 35 cm diameter. What is the diameter of the 5th tree? a. 54 b. 28 c. 49 d. 32

a. 54