2017 Flashcards
What is a common cause of excessive tearing and purulent conjunctivitis in toddlers?
A) Viral infection
B) nasolacrimal duct stenosis
C) allergy
B) nasolacrimal duct stenosis
During a typical cataract surgery:
A) Lens nucleus is vaporised with laser
B) corneal sutures are laid
C) intraocular lens is implanted
C) intraocular lens is implanted
Retinal detachment can be diagnosed with:
A) ultrasound examination
B) gonioscopy
C) applanation tonometry
A) ultrasound examination
A positive Seidel test occurs in:
A) dry eye syndrome
B) wet macular degeneration
C) corneal perforation and leakage
C) corneal perforation and leakage
What is not a treatment method for strabismus:
A) patching of the eye with poorer vision
B) patching of the eye with better vision
C) surgery on extra ocular muscles
A) patching of the eye with poorer vision
A patient accidently splashes a large amount of bleach-based cleaner in the eye. What should he do?
A) Wash it out immediately
B) Add acids to the eye
C) give oral antibiotics
A) Wash it out immediately
Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of:
A) the ciliary body
B) the iris
C) the choroid
B) the iris
What is the medical term for white pupillary reflex?
A) Leukocoraia
B) Leukoplakia
C) Leukodystrophy
A) Leukocoraia
Myopia is not associated with:
A) Keratoconus
B) Cataract
C) Shortened eyeball
C) Shortened eyeball
Which refractive error can be associated with nuclear cataract?
A) Far-sightedness
B) Astigmatism
C) Near-sightedness
C) Near-sightedness
Which is the right treatment for dry AMD (age-related macular degeneration)?
A) Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone
B) Vitrectomy
C) There is no treatment
C) There is no treatment
Ptosis may be caused by:
A) Oculomotor nerve damage
B) Horner’s syndrome
C) Both answers are correct
C) Both answers are correct
There are two major surgical techniques for repairing a retinal detachment:
A) external (conventional approach), internal (vitroretinal surgery)
B) external - iridectomy, internal (vitreoretinal surgery)
C) external - eye drops, internal (cataract surgery)
A) external (conventional approach), internal (vitroretinal surgery)
Which of these diseases may cause uveitis?
1 - tuberculosis
2 - angle closure glaucoma
3 - sarcoidosis
4 - juvenile chronic arthirits
5 - advanced cataract
Choose the right answer
A) 1,3,4
B) 1,2,5
C) 1,2,3,4,5
C) 1,2,3,4,5
If you suspect Sjögren’s syndrome, which test will you perform?
A) Hirschberg test
B) Schirmer’s test
C) Amsler grid
B) Schirmer’s test
Dendritic ulcers on the cornea are typical for:
A) Herpes simplex virus
B) Adenoviral keratitis
C) Acanthamoeba keratitis
A) Herpes simplex virus
The commonest cause of irreversible visual loss in the developed world is:
A) Glaucoma
B) Cataracts
C) Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
C) Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
Choose the typical symptom of retinoblastoma
A) A white pupillary reflex (leukocoria)
B) enophthalmus
C) heterochromia of the eye
A) A white pupillary reflex (leukocoria)
Between the cornea anteriorly and the lens and iris posteriorly lies: A) Vitreous
B) Tarsal body
C) The anterior chamber
C) The anterior chamber
The optical power of the cornea in different planes is not equal. Parallel rays of light passing through these different planes are brought to different points of focus. It is:
A) Myopia
B) Hypermetropia
C) Astigmatism
C) Astigmatism
The levator of the eyelid is innervated by which nerve?
A) II
B) III
C) IV
B) III
The thickness of the tear film is:
A) 5μm
B) 10μm
C) 15μm
A) 5μm
Between the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclera layer lays:
A) inner and outer segments of photoreceptors
B) externa limiting membrane
C) inner plexiform layer
C) inner plexiform layer
The vitreous consist of water in:
A) 75%
B) 90%
C) 98%
C) 98%
The nuclei of the third (oculomotor) and fourth (trochlear) cranial nerve lie in:
A) pons, midbrain
B) pons, pons
C) midbrain, midbrain
C) midbrain, midbrain
A surface oil layer is produced by the:
A) tarsal meibomian glans
B) lacrimal gland
C) conjunctival goblet cells
A) tarsal meibomian glans
The cornea is …thick
A) 0,05 mm
B) 0,5 mm
C) 0,7 mm
B) 0,5 mm
Rods are responsible for:
A) night vision
B) day vision
C) a+b
A) night vision
inferior oblique muscle is supplied by the cranial nerve
A) III
B) IV
C) VI
A) III
What can be confirmed by performing a cover test
A) cataract
B) glaucoma
C) strabismus
C) strabismus
What type of energy is used in phacoemulsification of the cataract? A) laser
B) X-ray
C) Ultrasonic
C) Ultrasonic
These are common symptoms particularly in middle aged patients. They take the form of spots or cobwebs which move when the eye moves and obscure vision only slightly. What disease is it:
A) Retinal detachment
B) Floaters
C) Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
B) Floaters
Symptomless, raised intraocular pressure, visual field defect, cupped optic disc are the symptoms and signs of:
A) Cataract
B) Glaucoma
C) AMD
B) Glaucoma
Amsler grid is used for testing:
A) Stereoscopic vision
B) color vision (Ishihara Test)
C) macular function
C) macular function
Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity include:
A) Gestation less than 32 weeks
B) Birth weight below 1500 g
C) all of the above
C) all of the above
If bilateral congenital cataract is present and has significant effect on visual acuity this will cause amblyopia and:
A) Aphakia
B) Nystagmus
C) Enophthalmia
B) Nystagmus
The cornea, or actually the tear interface is responsible for:
A) 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye
B) 2/5 of the refractive power of the eye
C) 1/2 of the refractive power of the eye
A) 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) may result from:
A) The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of venous
wall (inflammation)
B) The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an increased ocular
pressure
C) The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of venous wall (inflammation); an increased ocular pressure
C) The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of venous wall (inflammation); an increased ocular pressure
- Ultrasound is used to:
A) Provide information about the vitreous, retina, and posterior coats of the eye, particularly
when they cannot be clearly visualized
B) Measure the length of the eyeball prior to cataract surgery to estimate the power of the
artificial lens that is implanted into the eye
C) all of the above
C) all of the above
A ________ is a diagnostic contact lens, with a built-in mirror that permits visualisation of the iridocorneal angle
A) 90D
B) 70D
C) Gonioscopy lens
C) Gonioscopy lens
Ectopia lentis may be seen in:
A) Trauma, homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome
B) Homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome, giant cell arteritis
C) Trauma, giant cell arteritis, Marfan’s syndrome
A) Trauma, homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome
Fundus changes typical nonproliferative diabetic retinaopathy include:
A) Optic disc pallor
B) Neovascularisation and vitreous hemorrhage
C) microaneurysms and intraretinal hemorrhages
C) microaneurysms and intraretinal hemorrhages
Which answer about the anatomy and function of retinal is false:
A) Fovea is well a vascularized zone
B) Rods have little role in color vision and are concentrated in the outer edges of retina
C) Damage to the macula results in loss of central vision
A) Fovea is well a vascularized zone
This is a common painless condition in which an obstructed meibomian gland causes a granuloma within the tarsal plate:
A) A chalazion
B) An abscess
C) A stye
A) A chalazion
Patient … be advised not to ,,,wearing contact lenses bc of the risk of :
A) contact lenses induce papillary conjunctivitis
B) Toxoplasmosis
C) Acanta amoeba ceratitis
C) Acanta amoeba ceratitis
Factors thought to be important in the development of diabetic retinopathy include:
A) Duration of diabetes , diabetic control
B) smoking, Hypertension
C) all of the above
C) all of the above
Refractive index:
A) air >cornea>aquous humor
B) air<cornea= aqueous humor
C) air< cornea >aquous humor
C) air< cornea >aquous humor
In myopia (shortsightness)
A) the optical power is too low (usually bc the eye is too short) and parallel rays of light
converge toward a point behind the retina
B) the optical power of the cornea is different planes not equal. parallel rays of light passing
through these different planes are brought to different points of focus
C) the optical power of the eye is too high (usually due to an elongated globe) ad parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina
C) the optical power of the eye is too high (usually due to an elongated globe) ad parallel rays of light are brought to a focus in front of the retina
the probability of a rheum.. retinal detachment is increased in patients who
A) are hyperopic
B) are high myopic
C) have glaucoma
B) are high myopic
Decide which statement about conjunctivitis is false:
A) should always be promptly treated with antibiotics
B) typical manifestation of acute conjunctivitis is red eye, discharge eyelids sticking or
crusting
C) adenoviral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and patients should be advised frequent
hand washing and work/school restriction
A) should always be promptly treated with antibiotics
Which of these parts of the cornea is non-regenerating?
A) The endothelium
B) The stroma
C) All of the above
A) The endothelium
The upper lid margin usually overlaps the upper corneal limbus by: A) 1-2mm
B) 2-3mm
C) 3-4mm
A) 1-2mm
The patient complains of sudden painless loss of all or part of the vision. What disease do you suspect:
A) Central retinal artery occlusion
B) Conjunctivitis
C) AMD
A) Central retinal artery occlusion
Hirschberg test is a screening test for:
A) Strabismus
B) Nystagmus
C) Congenital cataract
A) Strabismus
Which of the following sentence is correct:
A) The ability to accommodate decreases with age
B) The ability to accommodate increases with age
C) The ability to accommodate is the same for an entire lifetime
A) The ability to accommodate decreases with age
This inflammation of the superficial layer of the sclera causes mild discomfort. it is rarely associated with systemic disease. It is usually self-limiting but as symptoms are tiresome, topical anti-inflammatory treatment can be given. In rare, severe disease, systemic non- steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment may be helpful:
A) Episcleritis
B) Scleritis
C) Keratitis
A) Episcleritis
Disciform keratitis is:
A) An immunogenic reaction to herpes antigen in the stroma and is presented as stromal clouding without ulceration, often associated with irits
B) The subepithelial disposition of calcium phosphate in the exposed part of the cornea where CO2 loss and the consequence raised pH favour its deposition
C) A peripheral white ring-shaped lipid deposit, separated from the limbs by a clear interval
A) An immunogenic reaction to herpes antigen in the stroma and is presented as stromal clouding without ulceration, often associated with irits
The appearance of dendritic ulcers on the cornea is characteristic of:
A) herpes simplex virus
B) Keratoconus
C) Band keratopathy
A) herpes simplex virus
Exudative retinal detachment is when:
A) A tear occurs in the retina, allowing liquified vitreous to gain entry to the subretinal space
and causing a progressive detachment. (Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment)
B) It is pulled off by contracting fibrous tissue on the retinal surface (e.g. as in the proliferative
retinopathy of diabetes mellitus). (Traction Retinal Detachment)
C) Fluid accumulates in the subretinal space as a result of exudative process, which may occur during toxaemia of pregnancy
C) Fluid accumulates in the subretinal space as a result of exudative process, which may occur during toxaemia of pregnancy
In cataract surgery liquification of the lens using an ultrasound probe introduced through an incision in the cornea or anterior sclera is called:
A) Phacoemulsification surgery
B) Extra-capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery
C) Femtosecond laser surgery
A) Phacoemulsification surgery
