2015 Flashcards
Clinical appearance of a cataract
A) reduced visual acuity but better vision at night
B) frequent change for new glasses
C) halos and glares
C) halos and glares
congenital cataract
A) always requires surgery
B) requires surgery or ophthalmological consulting at regular basis
C) leads to astigmatism which can be corrected by glasses
B) requires surgery or ophthalmological consulting at regular basis
cataract surgery
A) soluble sutures are being used
B) uses ultrasound which damages the cornea
C) is only indicated for people who tolerate the surgery
B) uses ultrasound which damages the cornea
which sentence is correct? (If the question would ask for incorrect statement, then C)
A) IOL power is dependent on the length of the eyeball
B) Patient has impaired near vision without correction
C) After the surgery systemic steroids and antibiotics are required (topical is correct)
A) IOL power is dependent on the length of the eyeball
Which cataract cause apparent myopia:
A) nuclear
B) cortical
C) posterior capsule
A) nuclear
open angle glaucoma
A) is a condition with can happen suddenly and in which patient can deteriorate quickly
(acute onset + acute progression)
B) leads to irreversible vision deficit without symptoms
C) pain disappears and reappears
B) leads to irreversible vision deficit without symptoms
Pseudoexfoliative syndrome
A) requires extraction of lens and implantation of an IOL
B) is a form of glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure
C) does not lead to vision loss (best answer, maybe the translation is off)
C) does not lead to vision loss (best answer, maybe the translation is off)
congenital cataract (alles 3 bullshit) maybe they mean GLAUCOMA
A) should be treated pharmacologically
B) presents with increased corneal diameter (if it says glaucoma, then this)
C) evident after 10th year of age
B) presents with increased corneal diameter (if it says glaucoma, then this)
symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma
A) itching and increased tearing
B) foreign body sensation
C) dilation of pupil which is not sensitive to light
C) dilation of pupil which is not sensitive to light
Laser therapy for acute angle closure glaucoma
A) is producing a hole into the iris
B) leads to scarring of the iridocorneal angle
C) is performed by coagulation of the iris
A) is producing a hole into the iris
Adolescents suffering from RA, acute uveitis would have which of the following character?
A) subjective and asymptomatic
B) acute and bilateral
C) acute and unilateral
C) acute and unilateral
Lipid deposits can be found in
A) sarcoidosis
B) uveitis in M. Bechterev
C) Uveitis in psoriasis
treatment for acute uveitis in case of ankylosis spondylitis
A) phenylephrine
B) atropine + dextametasone
C) IV prednisolone
B) atropine + dextametasone
In Reiters syndrome there is non-granulomatous inflammation of iris and
A) ulceration of urethra
B) problems with heart rhythm
C) cerebral-spinal inflammation
A) ulceration of urethra
acute uveitis is linked to
A) HLA A29
B) HLA DR2
C) HLA B27
C) HLA B27
Which diagnostic test is needed to evaluate the macula
A) OCT
B) Perimetry (Visual field test)
C) Microscopic investigation
A) OCT
indicative factors for retinal detachment
A) sharp vision
B) white spots on the retina
C) retina is moving during the opthalmological exam
C) retina is moving during the opthalmological exam
In the effect that there is retinal detachment ongoing for couple of days, what would be the best strategy
A) atropine and bed rest for 1 week
B) surgery ASAP
C) laser therapy to the unaffected eye
B) surgery ASAP
what might be consequence of retinal detachment
A) chronic conjunctivitis
B) cataract
C) inflammation of the vitreous (proliferative vitreoretinopathy)
C) inflammation of the vitreous (proliferative vitreoretinopathy)
contrainidication for contact lenses (in case of myopia)
A) degenerative myopia
B) cataract
C) chronic conjunctivitis
C) chronic conjunctivitis
vision in elderly
A) they need hold books from further away from them to obtain clear image (presybyopia)
B) they need to hold books closer to themselves to obtain clear image
A) they need hold books from further away from them to obtain clear image (presybyopia)
which layer is detaching in the retinal detachment
A) RPE from choroid
B) Photoreceptors from RPE
C) Photoreceptor layer from bipolar cell layer of retina
B) Photoreceptors from RPE
In case of hypermetropia which of the following events is most likely to occur
A) acute angle closure glaucoma
B) retinal detachment
C) cataract
A) acute angle closure glaucoma
neonates are physiologically
A) short sightedness
B) long sightedness
C) normal sightedness
B) long sightedness
Patient presents to family doctor with redness of right eye, without pathological secretions, with worsening vision over the past few weeks. He took topical steroids for his eye before. Which diagnosis is least likely:
A) corneal infection with pseudomonas
B) corneal fungal infection
C) corneal herpetic infection
A) corneal infection with pseudomonas
Patient presents to family doctor with redness of right eye, without pathological secretions, with worsening vision over the past few weeks. He took topical steroids for his eye before. Which diagnosis is least likely:
A) corneal infection with pseudomonas
B) corneal fungal infection
C) corneal herpetic infection
A) corneal infection with pseudomonas
What do you do when there is abundant purulent secretions in the conjunctival sac of a 2 day old neonate
A) local treatment with macrolide
B) local treatment with antibiotic and steroid - gentamycin and dexamethasone
C) general antibiotic therapy - ceftriaxone and local penicillin
C) general antibiotic therapy - ceftriaxone and local penicillin
Itch, abundant mucus, and Warts in the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid are characteristic for:
((cobblestone) papillae in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.)
A) spring inflammation of conjunctiva (allergy)
B) bacterial inflammation of conjunctiva
C) chlamydial inflammation of conjunctiva
A) spring inflammation of conjunctiva (allergy)
Chalazion of upper eyelid is treated
A) pharmacotherapy
B) surgically
C) shouldn’t generally be treated
C) shouldn’t generally be treated
Marginal corneal ulcer is
A) reaction to an exotoxin of staphylococcus and is usually treated with 4x daily dexamethasone drops to the eye
B) requires intense regimen of antibacterial eye drops ex. ofloxacin
C) is a symptom of fungal infection
A) reaction to an exotoxin of staphylococcus and is usually treated with 4x daily dexamethasone drops to the eye
Ciliary irritation (ciliary flush?), narrowed pupil, and pain are symptoms of:
A) bacterial conjunctivitis
B) Adenovirus infection of cornea and conjunctiva
C) Acute inflammation of iris
C) Acute inflammation of iris
Not a symptom of acute iritis (Uveitis)
A) Pain, photophobia
B) Narrowed pupil
C) Presence of discharge in conjunctival sac
C) Presence of discharge in conjunctival sac
Tree-like corneal ulceration (also known as dendritic ulcer) is treaded with which medication
A) Aciclovir eye ointment
B) Dexamethasone eye drops
C) ……
A) Aciclovir eye ointment
Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis:
A) In acute Phase antiviral drugs are used, in chronic phase corticosteroids
B) Lack of treatment
C) Antibiotics plus dexamethasone from the start of loss of corneal epithelium
B) Lack of treatment
Disciform keratitis is charateristic for chronic infection in:
A) Herpes simplex virus
B) Adenovirus
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A) Herpes simplex virus
High cell-proliferation in cornea is characteristic for:
A) Endothelial cells
B) Keratocytes
C) Corneal limbus cells (keratinocytes)
C) Corneal limbus cells (keratinocytes)
Mechanical injury of corneal epithelium:
A) Is irreversible
B) Can remain undictated even until the second day
C) Is healing within one month (normally 7-14 d)
B) Can remain undictated even until the second day
Most common case of dry eye:
A) Age related change in tear production
B) Allergy
C) HSV infection
A) Age related change in tear production
Why are corticosteroidal eye drops used after glaucoma surgery?
A) Transitional increase in IOP
B) To cause myosis
C) To use the antiproliferative ability of corticosteroids in order to prevent overgrow /adhesion of trabecular meshwork (filtration sclera flap, a bleb can form)
C) To use the antiproliferative ability of corticosteroids in order to prevent overgrow /adhesion of trabecular meshwork (filtration sclera flap, a bleb can form)
Which patient will have the best visual postoperative sharpness?
A) Intravitral injection of Anti-VEGF
B) Cataract surgery
C) Pterygium (conjunctiva) surgery
B) Cataract surgery
Indicate wrong sentence:
A) Retinal detachment is associated with high IOP
B) After cataract surgery the use of local anti-inflammatory drugs is indicated
C) Paralysis of 6th cranial nerve may cause esotropia
A) Retinal detachment is associated with high IOP
Ten year old child presents with exotropia which diagnosis is most accurate: (WTF?)
A) Decompensation hyperopia
B) Eyespot of left eye
C) Keratoconus
B) Eyespot of left eye
Which examination has a low diagnostic significance for screening for glaucoma?
A) Visual acuity examination of distance and near
B) Eye fundus examination
C) Gonioscopy
A) Visual acuity examination of distance and near
Which drugs are used in acute angle closure glaucoma?
A) Local Pilocarpine, acetazolamide IV
B) Timolol, dexamethasone local
C) …..
A) Local Pilocarpine, acetazolamide IV
Which adverse effect of corticosteroids which are locally applied in conjunctival sac are most severe for vision
A) Cloudy lens
B) Steroid glaucoma
C) Loss of renital pigment epithelium (Retinitis pigmentosa?)
B) Steroid glaucoma
Which optic correction for nearsightness has to be applied in a 65 year old patient after cataract surgery if the patient still sees well without correction?
A) - 1.0 D
B) +2,75 D
C) +4,75 D
A) - 1.0 D
Trabeculoplasty (laser treatment):
A) Has beneficial affect in changing iris color
B) Decreases intraocular pressure
C) Preventive effect from close angle glaucoma
B) Decreases intraocular pressure
In which disorder the administration of silicon oil to the eyeball is prohibited?
A) In Glaucoma surgery – implantation of drain
B) Vitrectomy with cataract surgery
C) In case of patient with retinal detachment
A) In Glaucoma surgery – implantation of drain
During the administration of which tuberculosis drug optic neuritis can occur?
A) Rifampicin
B) Ethambutol
C) Pyrazinamide
B) Ethambutol
Which disease is associated with irreversible lack of light reflex?
A) Central retinal vein thrombosis
B) Central retinal artery occlusion
C) Diabetic retinopathy without diabetes
B) Central retinal artery occlusion
What pharmacodynamic effect should be obtained in order and evaluate an eye sight defect and accommodation paralysis in a 6 year old child?
A) Alpha adrenergic receptor block in ciliary body
B) Muscarinic receptor block sphincter pupil
C) None of above
1. correct: Muscarinic receptor block of ciliary body
C) None of above
The 20-year-old patient reported to the ophthalmologist for evaluation of eye defect. During one year he changed classes 3 times. The astigmatism grows in the right eye - its power and axis changed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Increase in congenital cataract
B) Keratoconus
C) Atopic conjunctivitis with severe course
B) Keratoconus
Indicate the false sentence:
A) Primary angle closure glaucoma shall be treated pharmacologically until the end of life
B) Esotropia in children can be treated which selection of accurate glasses
C) Point of sight recedes with age
A) Primary angle closure glaucoma shall be treated pharmacologically until the end of life
A 26 year old patient has and metallic foreign body in cornea and lens. The patient removed the object by herself and went to the ER. Doctors evaluated a leakage of corneal injury and cloudy lens. What should be done next?
A) Suture the corneal injury and wait for a more experienced doctor which comes back in one
week. Until this moment hydrocortisone 200mg IV daily.
B) Suture the corneal injury and remove the damaged lens.
C) Suture the corneal remove the damaged lens and perform vitrectomy to prevent retinal detachment.
C) Suture the corneal remove the damaged lens and perform vitrectomy to prevent retinal detachment.
Vibration of iris (iridodonesis) appears in:
A) Lack of lens
B) Not proper placement of lens
C) A & B is correct
C) A & B is correct
Schirmer’s test determines whether the eye produces enough tears to keep it moist. Proper result is:
A) 5 mm after 5 minutes
B) 10 mm after 10 minutes
C) 15 mm after 5 minutes
C) 15 mm after 5 minutes
(Marcus Gunn pupil) Gunn sign: crossingover sign (Gunn-Kreuzungszeiche)
A) Hypertensive retinopathy
B) Diabetic retinopathy
C) Vasculitis
A) Hypertensive retinopathy
Hyphema:
A) Presence of blood in anterior chamber
B) Presence of blood in posterior chamber
C) Presence of blood in vitreous body
A) Presence of blood in anterior chamber
In which case a family doctor is allowed to treat a patient without the consulting with an Ophthalmologist.
A) Pain, narrowed pupil, photophobia
B) Presence of symmetrical and marinated red eye in one eye after the patient has sneezed.
C) Sudden strabismus in a one year old child
B) Presence of symmetrical and marinated red eye in one eye after the patient has sneezed.
