2016 Module Exam Flashcards
Q's 1-24 = physiology Q's 25-31 = anatomy Q's 32-34 = micro Q's 35-40 = biochem Q's 41-59 = patho Q's 60-79 = pharma Q's 80-95 = clinical medicine Q's 96-98 = EBM/epi
What mechanism explains increased systolic pressure?
a. Increased SV
b. Increased HR
c. Increased arterial compliance
d. Increased cardiac output with decreased vascular resistance (simultaneous)
e. Increased arterial compliance with increased speed of ejection (simultaneous)
a. Increased SV
What mechanism explains unchanged MAP?
a. Increased SV
b. Increased HR
c. Increased arterial compliance
d. Increased cardiac output with decreased vascular resistance (simultaneous)
e. Increased arterial compliance with increased speed of ejection (simultaneous)
d. Increased cardiac output with decreased vascular resistance (simultaneous)
(or c)
which of these has the slowest spontaneous diastolic depolarization?
- SA node
- AV node
- AV bundle
- terminal end of purkinje
- ventricular myocyte
b. AV node
(or D)
Which decreases CO?
a) increased central venous pressure
b) decreased peripheral venous pressure
c) increased HR to below 150bpm
b) decreased peripheral venous pressure
a 54 yr old woman with a resting cardiac output of 6000ml/min. Using the PV loop, calculate the heart rate.
- 50 BPM
- 70 BPM
- 100 BPM
- 120 BPM
- 140 BPM
c. 100 BPM
CO=HR • SV
Also in same pic, calculate the EF
- 60%
- 50%
- 30%
- 25%
b. 50%
This figure shows arterial blood pressure during Valsalva maneuver. What is the most likely cause of the arterial pressure increase in late phase 2?
- Increase in VR
- Increase in Afterload
a. Increase in VR
Bulging of the tricuspid valve occurs in which number(green) in pic?
2
opening of the mitral valve occurs in which number(green) in pic?
3
What causes blood movement during the slow ejection phase?
Energy of blood movement
what doesn’t cause an increase in pulse pressure?
A) increase in compliance
B) increase in heart rate
C) increase in sv
D) simultaneous increase in compliance and speed of ejection
B) increase in heart rate
what is the plateau of the cardiac output of a 24 yr old male who weighs 80kg?
- 25
- 13
- 3
b. 13
(this was the model answer but since he was an athlete the dr said A is also correct)
ST elevation
A hemodynamically stable person was sitting then he got up, what remains reduced?
SV
what does T-wave represent on action potential curve?
- Phase1
- Phase2
- Phase3
- Phase4
c. Phase3
A man wearing a shirt with a tight collar, when he was shaving, he turned his head and felt dizzy, what is the reason for that?
Decreased slope of phase 4
a person with fever of 38°C and he has bradycardia, what is the cause?
a. Hyperkaliemia surrounding the SA node
b. Sympathetic activation deactivates HCN channel
c. Vagal tone increases reducing the peak
a. Hyperkaliemia surrounding the SA node
What is responsible for cardiac relaxation?
a- phospholamban C activation
b- ATP induced calcium release
c- IP3 activation
a- phospholamban C activation
Which arrythmia results from this abnormality?
Ventricular Polymorphic Tachycardia
What contribute to blood flow in “Z” green highlighted?
a- Increase in adenosine
b-Increase in adenosine triphosphate
c-Decrease carbon dioxide
a- Increase in adenosine
Which of the following is involved in excitation-contraction coupling?
A- K(atp) channels
B- phospholamban
C- L-type ca channel
D- cl- channel
C- L-type ca channel
Secretion of which hormone will be most likely elevated in response to an increase in atrial blood pressure?
ANP
what is responsible for increasing the SV in the second beat in case of a high afterload?
a. high ESV
b. high EDV
b. high EDV
17 cm/sec velocity, ?? HR, ?? MAP, 23 mm descending aorta diameter. Calculate BF for descending aorta.
4.5 L/min
A coronary angiogram of 65 years old male who experienced MI showed LAD occlusion, which of the following will be depleted from oxygen?
a- Posterior 1/3 of the atria
b- Anterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
c- Anterior 2/3 of the interatrial septum
d- Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
d- Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
A 60 yrs old male presented with previous myocardial infarction and hemopericadial, what is the source of blood in pericardial cavity?
a. Coronary artery rupture
b. Ruptured aortic artery
c. Ruptured pulmonary veins
d. Perfusion myocyte
d. Perfusion myocyte
A patient with cardiac tamponade, chest pain that radiates to the shoulders, which nerve is responsible for that?
- Subclavian
- Supraclavicular
a. Supraclavicular
What is present in the tunica media of common carotid artery?
- Elastin
- Actin
- Collagen 2
- Collagen 3
- Collagen 4
a. Elastin
what is more prominent in tunica intima of arteries?
- Elastin
- Actin
- Collagen 2
- Collagen 3
- Collagen 4
a. Collagen 4
A microdissection study is done to follow the SA node artery until it ends; where does this artery end in the surface of epicardium?
A- inferior end of sulcus terminalis
B- superior end of sulcus terminalis
C- right of left atrium
D- left of SVC entry
B- superior end of sulcus terminalis
What congenital disorder causes blue lips and tips?
A- transposition
B- Pulmonary Stenosis
A- transposition
Which Microorganism infects those who drink unpasteurized milk?
brucella Melintes
which microorganism was found in a patient who had an aortic valve replacement 6 months back?
- Viridians streptococci
- Kingella kingae
- Ekinella carrdens
- Coxiella burneti
a. Viridians streptococci
an intravenous drug addict. Which does he most likely have?
- Candida albicans
- Staph epidermis
- Brucella melitenisis
- Enterocouss faecalis
- Coxiella brutini
a. Candida albicans
The most important fuel when insulin is high
a- Glucose
b- Glycogen
c- Triglycerides
d- Fatty acids
e- Ketone bodies
a- Glucose
The most important fuel in both starvation and heart failure
a- Glucose
b- Glycogen
c- Triglycerides
d- Fatty acids
e- Ketone bodies
e- Ketone bodies
M2 macrophages are involved in which phase of atherosclerosis?
A. Initiation
B. Resolution
B. Resolution
Which is the main source of energy for adult heart?
a- Fatty acids
b- Glucose
c- Pyruvate
d- Ketone bodies
a- Fatty acids
what is a prominent change in cardiac metabolism during heart failure but
A) increased fatty acid oxidation
B) increased glycolysis
C)decreased ketone bodies
D)increased lactate oxidation
B) increased glycolysis