2015 Module Exam Flashcards
A 33-year-old female experienced calf pain followed by shortness of breath, cough, and hemoptysis. What could be the problem?
pulmonary thromboembolism
A 13-year-old Brazilian football player suddenly collapse d during training. Chest x-ray showed moderate cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema with history of difficulty swallowing and dilated esophagus. What’s the etiology of myocarditis?
a) Giant cell myocarditis
b) TB myocarditis
c) Chagas myocarditis
d) viral myocarditis
e) toxoplasma myocarditis
f) bacterial myocarditis
g) diphtheria myocarditis
c) Chagas myocarditis
A 35-year-old diabetic woman on hydrochlorothiazide was shown to have eosinophilic infiltrate upon heart biopsy. What could be the cause?
a) TB myocarditis
b) Giant cell myocarditis
c) viral myocarditis
d) toxoplasma myocarditis
e) bacterial myocarditis
f) diphtheria myocarditis
a) TB myocarditis
(another exam said diptheria)
A 45-year-old man complained of leg pain upon walking. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was 0.9, what is true?
a) 0.9 is normal
b) Indicates risk of cardiovascular events
b) Indicates risk of cardiovascular events
What increases as a consequence of the Valsalva maneuver?
a) pulmonary veins compression
b) pulmonary edema
c) pulmonary capillary pressure
a) pulmonary veins compression (MABP wasn’t a choice)
What decreases if lusitropy decreases?
Stroke Work
What happens as compensation if CVP drops to 0?
a) VR increases to 7
b) PVP increases to 4
c) VR increases to 2
a) VR increases to 7
What severe problem can an overdose of beta blockers cause?
a) 3rd degree heartblock
b) sinus bradycardia
c) sinus tachycardia
a) 3rd degree heartblock
A case-control study was done to assess the relation between taking a certain drug having a MI attack in hypertensive people. The scientists reached the following statement: “From our 500 patients, we conclude that taking this drug is protective against MI in hypertensive patients”. What is the type of this statement?
a) Assumption
b) inference
c) analysis
b) inference
A group of scientists asked patients with hypertension about their myocardial infarction history. They reached the following conclusion: “People with HTN are 2.3 times more likely to suffer an MI. What is your evaluation of this statement?
a) False because you cannot determine causality in cross sectional studies
b) True
a) False because you cannot determine causality in cross sectional studies
The tunica media of the common carotid artery is made mainly from?
a) Collagen III
b) Collagen IV
c) Collagen I
d) Elastin
d) Elastin
What is shown in this graph to the right?
a) Partial depolarization
b) NCX activation
a) Partial depolarization
Which receptor mediates unregulated uptake of LDL?
CD36 (SRA wasn’t a choice)
What is the receptor that is responsible for unregulated lipid uptake?
a) Cd36
b) SR-B
?
a) Cd36
the ligation of which receptor causes foam cell formation?
SRA
A woman was found to have bilateral pulmonary edema because of group A streptococci throat infection. Which valves are more likely to be affected?
a. Aortic and mitral
b. Mitral and pulmonary
a. Aortic and mitral
What characterizes fatty streak formation in atherosclerosis?
a) Raised fibro-fatty growth
b) Intimal foam cells
b) Intimal foam cells
A 45-Year-old man with blood pressure of 155/95 is asymptomatic, has negative family history, and is not known to be hypertensive before. What is the cause?
a. Catecholamine producing tumor
b. Increased renal retention of sodium
c. Genetic defect in aldosterone metabolism
d. Fibromuscular dysplasia
?
What is a characteristic of mitral stenosis?
a) diastolic murmur
b) systolic murmur
c) S3
d) loud s1
a) diastolic murmur
What is a characteristic of Aortic stenosis?
a) diastolic murmur
b) systolic murmur
c) S3
d) loud s1
b) systolic murmur
A woman had an acute heart failure and developed exertional dyspnea a short while after. There was consolidation in the lung seen in the chest x-ray. What is the mechanism causing this?
a) Pulmonary congestion
b) Pulmonary edema
b) Pulmonary edema
What is the issue if there is low perfusion or defect at stress, but it is corrected at rest?
a) Scar
b) Ischemia
c) normal
b) Ischemia
What is this pulse to the right?
a) Normal pulse
b) Pulsus Alternans
c) Pulsus Bispherans
b) Pulsus Alternans
What is the diagnosis based on this ECG above?
a) Anterior STEMI
b) Inferior STEMI
c) NSTEMI
a) Anterior STEMI
What is the most prominent feature on this ECG above?
a) ST depression
b) ST elevation
c) Pathological Q
a) ST depression
What is the diagnosis based on the ECG above?
a) Supraventricular tachycardia
b) Ventricular tachycardia
c) Atrial fibrillation
a) Supraventricular tachycardia
What supplies blood to the pacemaker of the heart?
Nodal artery
What branches from the ascending aorta?
Right coronary artery
If 67% of people are right dominant pattern, what will be spared if there is a thrombus in the left anterior descending artery?
SA node
A person with a myocardial infarction underwent perfusion testing that showed low perfusion in the apex. Which of the following arteries is mostly involved?
a) nodal artery
b) LAD
c) RCA
d) circumflex
b) LAD
blood pressure of a patient changed from 130/80 to 150/80. What most likely occurred?
a) increased SV
b) decreased compliance
c) increased compliance
d) decreased ejection speed
a) increased SV
the PP increased because of an increase in SP, while DP was normal
What increases blood flow and diameter of blood vessels?
a) aldosterone
b) BNP
c) Angiotensin II
d) NO
d) NO
what increases salt and water excretion?
a) BNP
b) NO
c) Angiotensin II
d) aldosterone
a) BNP
What increases dromotropy when SNS is stimulated?
phosphorylation of L type calcium channels
What causes bradycardia if there is increased in pressure?
a) Hyperpolarization
b) Acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors
b) Acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors
What could be the issue if a patient’s blood pressure did not decrease when he was given ACE-I but it did with ARB?
He synthesizes angiotensin II from another pathway
A drug is used to interfere with the first step of synthesis of angiotensin II?
a) aliskiren
b) captopril
c) losartan
a) aliskiren
What is the mechanism of action of amrinone?
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
What is the treatment of a patient with ST depression?
a) PCI
b) Dual antiplatelet, heparin, and fibrinolytic
c) Dual antiplatelet and heparin
c) Dual antiplatelet and heparin
What is the best method to diagnose right heart failure?
a) Echocardiography
b) ECG
a) Echocardiography
If a patient came in with chest pain of 30 minutes duration, what would we do to confirm the diagnosis of an MI?
a) Electrocardiography
b) Cardiac troponins
a) Electrocardiography
What happens in Diastolic failure?
low ventricular filling
What happens in cardiac tamponade?
Low ventricular filling
What is the most common complication 24 hours following acute MI?
a) Mural thrombus
b) Ventricular embolism
c) Ventricular fibrillation
d) Rupture of papillary muscles
e) Rupture of plaque
f) Ventricular aneurysm
c) Ventricular fibrillation