2014 Module Exam Flashcards
a patient being treated for Heart failure comes with an enlarged swollen breast what is the cause of this side effect?
A) digoxin
B) angiotensin receptor blocker
C) aldosterone blocker
D) beta blocker
E) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
C) aldosterone blocker
(Spironolactone is known to cause more gynecomastia or breast pain)
What is the condition that increases with age?
A) Ventricular fibrillation
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Sinus bradycardia
D) Sinus tachycardia
B) Atrial fibrillation
what corresponds to the S1 sound?
A) it indicates the aortic valve closure
B) The physiological split of S1 is usually heard
C) It can be heard in the apical part of the heart
D) It indicates the pulmonary valve closure
E) it can be heard in the 2nd right intercostal space
C) It can be heard in the apical part of the heart
aortic valve opens when the interventricular pressure is 90 mmHg the stroke volume was 70 mL. If the aortic compliance is 1 ml/mmHg and 50% of the stroke volume was stored in the aorta what is the systolic blood pressure?
A) 125
B) 150
C) 143
A) 125
Which structure of streptococcus pyogens mimic the heart antigens in the host?
A) flagella
B) M protein
C) polysaccharide capsule
B) M protein
a person with resting cardiac output 5.04 L/min if the EDV=150 ml and ESV=50 ml. what is his Heart rate?
A)50
B)100
C)25
A)50
In the of Endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery which of the following abnormalities can occur?
A) increased diastolic Reactive hyperemia
B) Inhibited platelet aggregation
C) Decreased coronary vascular tone
D) Acetylcholine mediated coronary spasm
D) Acetylcholine mediated coronary spasm
What passes along the inferior border of the heart?
A) right marginal
B) left marginal
C) nodal artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) left anterior descending
F) diagonal
G) left coronary artery
H) circumflex artery
A) right marginal
Is a direct branch of the left anterior descending artery.
A) right marginal
B) left marginal
C) nodal artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) left anterior descending
F) diagonal
G) left coronary artery
H) circumflex artery
F) diagonal
Which of the following is commonly present in physically fit individuals?
A) sinus tachycardia
B) atrial flutter
C) atrial fibrillation
D) Ventricular fibrillation
E) Sinus bradycardia
E) Sinus bradycardia
Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation
A) Atrioventricular accessory pathway
B) AV node reentry
C) Micro reentry
D) Early afterdepolarization
E) Late afterdepolarization
C) Micro reentry
Pathophysiology of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia
A) Atrioventricular accessory pathway
B) AV node reentry
C) Micro reentry
D) Early afterdepolarization
E) Late afterdepolarization
B) AV node reentry
Which aneurysm affects the ascending aorta and the arch of the aorta?
A) Takayasu Arteritis
B) Mycotic aneurysm
C) Dissecting aneurysm
D) Syphilitic aneurysm
E) Polyartritis nodosa
D) Syphilitic aneurysm
Which aneurysm associated with cystic medial necrosis?
A)beery aneurysm
B)dissecting aneurysm
C)syphilitic aneurysms
B)dissecting aneurysm
Cystic medial necrosis weaken artery wall
Which of the following is the last to repolarize?
A)SA node
B)AV node
C)purkinje fibers
D)ventricular septal
C)purkinje fibers
After examination a patient was found to have increased systolic blood pressure and low diastolic blood pressure with a pulse rate of (66 mmHg). Upon further examination he was found to have severe anemia what is the reason behind the high pulse rate?
A)decrease the compliance of aortic
B)decrease the systemic vascular resistance
C)decrease heart rate
B)decrease the systemic vascular resistance
A 67 years old male with long standing hypertension. A kidney biopsy was done which of the following is most likely to be found?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Arterial hyalinosis
B) Arterial hyalinosis
Which of the following is a cause of secondary hypertension?
Chronic usage of NSAIDs or (Chronic use of Steroids)
Which of the following drugs predisposes to heart failure and pulmonary edema and leads to water retention?
A) NSAIDs
B) Calcium channel blockers
A) NSAIDs
which of the following drugs has least evidence suggesting its effectiveness in heart failure?
A) digoxin
B) diuretics
C) calcium channel blockers
C) calcium channel blockers
which of the following is marked by S1 sound?
A) isovolumic contraction
B) AV valves closure
B) AV valves closure
(the one in the model answer is B but both were counted correct)
Decrease in ventricular pressure, decrease in aortic pressure and a gradual increase in atrial pressure.
A) isovolumic relaxation
B) Reduced ejection
B) Reduced ejection
diagnose
An ECG showing compensatory pause
a 34-year-old male presented with fever, splinter hemorrhage, heart murmurs upon auscultation. Knowing that he has a history of Drug addiction (IV drug abusing) what is the thing that explains his symptoms?
Large vegetation on mitral and pulmonary valves
What is associated in the formation of the wall of the right atrium?
A) Primordial ventricle
B) Sinus venosus
C) Bulbous cordis
D) Endocardial cushion
B) Sinus venosus
(there was no primitive atrium)
increases in number in hypertensive patients
A) internal elastic lamina
B) Collagen fibers
C) Smooth muscle cells
D) Endothelium
E) elastic lamella
E) elastic lamella
limits the distention of arterial wall
A) internal elastic lamina
B) Collagen fibers
C) Smooth muscle cells
D) Endothelium
E) elastic lamella
B) Collagen fibers
Which of the following is a characteristic of large veins?
has Longitudinally arranged Vascular smooth muscle cells
What helps in the diffusion of substances in large arteries?
Fenestrated elastic lamella of large arteries
The resting membrane potential in pacemaker cells is -60 and in ventricular myocytes is -85. What is the reason behind the difference between the two?
A) the K+ gradient across the membrane is stronger in ventricular myocytes
B) Lack of inward rectifier K channels in packmaker cells
C) ventricular myocytes lack HCN channels
C) ventricular myocytes lack HCN channels
in the case of acute coronary MI what is the first thing to appear on the ECG?
A) Q wave
B) T wave inversion
C) peaked T wave
D) ST elevation
D) ST elevation
What is the cause of rapid ejection phase?
A) Increased intraventricular pressure
B) Closure of mitral valve
C) Increased aortic pressure
D) Decreased aortic blood flow
A) Increased intraventricular pressure
what is the origin of the cervical sympathetic nerve supply of the heart?
A) C 3-5 cervical
B) T1-5 spinal thoracic
C) T6-10 spinal thoracic
D) Vagus
B) T1-5 spinal thoracic
The Ejection fraction (EF) is a parameter of ventricular function. Which of the following statements is considered true?
A) Ejection fraction is equal to stroke volume - EDV
B) Considered abnormal if less than 50%
C) The lower the ejection fraction the better the prognosis
B) Considered abnormal if less than 50%
a child presents with MI, inflamed oral mucosa, enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
A) giant cell arteritis
B) takayasu arteritis
C) polyarteritis nodosa
D) kawasaki disease
E) Wegener Granulomatosis
F) Churg Strauss Syndrome
G) Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
H) Thromboangiitis obliterans
D) kawasaki disease
Originates from the ascending aorta
A) right marginal
B) posterior descending artery
C) left anterior descending
D) diagonal
E) circumflex artery
F) right coronary artery
F) right coronary artery
Indicated in patients with supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm.
A) Beta blocker
B) ARBs
C) ACEI
D) Warfarin
E) Digoxin
F) Carotid sinus massage
G) Temporary pacemaker
H) IV lidocaine
F) Carotid sinus massage
Which of the following is mainly responsible for myocardial contraction?
A) KATP channel
B) SERCA
C) Cl channel
D) L- type Ca channel
D) L- type Ca channel
After depolarization is present in which of the following arrhythmic mechanisms?
A)re-entry
B) bi- directional block
C) enhanced automaticity
D) triggered activity
E) Overdrive suppression
D) triggered activity
a 55 year old woman with a heart condition. Upon auscultation the doctor heard a pansystolic murmur at apex. What is her diagnosis?
A) Aortic stenosis
B) Mitral regurgitation
C) Aortic regurgitation
D) Pulmonary stenosis
B) Mitral regurgitation
What is the best treatment for a 62 year old man suffering from diabtic nepropathy due to hypertension and diabetes mellitus?
A) captopril
B) aspirin
C) ranolazine
D) thiazide
A) captopril
Associated with ejection systolic murmur
A) Mitral stenosis
B) Aortic regurgitation
C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Low oxygen and high CO2 levels concentrations stimulate the glomus cells in the carotid body. What nerve carries the afferent stimulus to the brain?
A) Cranial accessory
B) Facial
C) Glossopharyngeal
D) Vagus
E) Vestibuochelar
C) Glossopharyngeal
A man came to the ER complaining of dizziness spells. He had previously been taking a beta blocker and a calcium blocker for his hypertension, and he presented with 3rd degree AV block (heart block). What will you do for him?
A) Electric shock
B) IV nitrate
C) Bed rest
D) Temporary Pacemaker
E) Hold on his current medications and monitor his heart rhythm and rate
D) Temporary Pacemaker
An ECG picture:
a) 1st degree AV block
b) short QT interval
c) T-wave inversion
d) ST depression
c) T-wave inversion
*This picture is from the web, not the exam
Why doesn’t flecainide concentration correlate with its therapeutic action?
A) highly bound to plasma proteins and does not dissociate easily
B) excreted unchanged in urine
C) strongly metabolized by oral administrations
D) highly concentrated in cardiac muscle
D) highly concentrated in cardiac muscle
Where does the ventricular repolarization begin?
A) purkinje
B) endocardial
C) epicardium
C) epicardium
Which of the following best describes the effect of amlodipine?
A) Ca channel blockers
B) Beta blockers
C) Angiotensin inhibitor
A) Ca channel blockers
Patient suffering from acute anterior wall MI. What is the correct ECG recording?
A) St segment elevation in lead II, III, aVF
B) St segment elevation in v2 to v5
C) 3 mm st depression in v3 to v5
D) Low voltage in chest leads
E) irregular qrs complex
F) Q wave in v2 and v3
G) St elevation in all leads
H) Prolonged pr interval
B) St segment elevation in v2 to v5
which of the following parameters increases as a consequence of an increased afterload?
A) myocyte shortening
B) ejection fraction
C) end diastolic volume
D) speed of ejection
E) stroke volume
C) end diastolic volume