2011 Module Exam Flashcards
Q's (1-11) anatomy Q's (12-19) biochemistry Q's (20-33) pharma Q's (34-58) clinical medicine Q's (59-64) microbiology Q's (65-86) pathology Q's (87-115) physiology Q's (116-)
Which of the following arteries supplies the SA node?
Nodal artery
Which of the following arteries arises from the ascending aorta?
Right coronary artery
What embryological structure is responsible for separation of the Atrioventricular canal into the right and left Atrioventricular canals?
Endocardial cushions
A coronary angiogram reveals the presence of a block in the anterior interventricular artery. Which of the following structures will most likely be affected?
Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
Which of the following components of the conduction system of the heart is located in the membranous part of the interventricular septum?
Bundle of His
Which of the following carries the parasympathetic innervation to the heart?
Vagus nerve
What is a prominent feature of veins?
Endothelial valves
What structure is responsible for shunting blood from the right to left atrium in the fetal heart?
Foramen ovale
Which of the following is a feature of sinusoids?
Discontinuous endothelium
What is responsible for maintaining pressure in the ascending aorta?
Elastic lamellae
What maintains the blood flow in the inferior vena cava?
Negative intrathoracic pressure
What is impact of glycosylation on LDL?
Reduces the clearance of LDL
Which of the following genes was found using quantitative trait loci and is related to an increased of MI and Stroke?
LOX
Which of the following is responsible for lowering the concentration of IL-1β in high intracellular cholesterol concentrations?
LXR
What energy producing pathway in the heart is predominant in a person who is fasting for 6 hours in Ramadan?
Fatty acids → TCA cycle
What energy producing pathway in the heart is predominant after an injection of insulin?
Glucose →TCA cycle
What is a main fuel that increases in importance for energy production during prolonged starvation?
Ketone bodies
What is the main fuel used by the heart during normal oxygen conditions?
Fatty acids
A person has dilated cardiomyopathy. What will be the main fuel used by his failing ischemic heart?
Glucose
Which drug has anti-vagal activity resulting in sinus tachycardia?
Quinidine
which of the following drugs is highly concentrated in the heart as compared to its plasma concentration?
Amiodarone
Which of the following is an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase?
Aspirin
Which of the following is a highly antigenic plasminogen activator?
Streptokinase
Which drug is a reversible P2Y12 antagonist?
Ticagrelor
Which of the following is an angiotensin receptor blocker?
Losartan
A patient comes to the clinic suffering from atrial flutter. The doctor prescribes him lidocaine to manage his arrhythmia. After a few days, he returns to the clinic with no apparent improvement in his condition. What could be the cause?
Lidocaine has little or no effect on the action potential duration of atrial myocytes
which drug has multiple effects: decreasing the preload at high doses and increasing the blood flow in the coronary arteries?
Nitrates
What is the mechanism of weight gain in a patient receiving nicotinic acid?
Inhibition of lipolysis in lipid tissue
Which of the following drugs cannot be administered in angina?
Digoxin
Why is digoxin used to treat arrhythmias?
Because it decreases the speed of conduction in the AV node
Why is the effect of aspirin reversible of prostacyclin and irreversible of TXA2?
Because endothelial cells can regenerate cyclooxygenase
What drug inhibits renin activation?
Aliskirin
An asthmatic patient with a heart problem was given a drug. He came back a few days later and his asthma was exacerbated. Which of the following drugs he might have received?
Propranolol (beta-blocker)
Which drug is not used in heart failure?
Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker)
Which drug is used to terminate supraventricular tachycardias?
Adenosine
What is an irregularly irregular rhythm?
Atrial fibrillation
Which rhythm is associated with a high risk of thrombo-embolic events?
Atrial fibrillation
What characterizes the pain associated with biliary colic?
Right upper quadrant pain (or right hypochondriac pain, we don’t remember which was in the exam) that radiates to the right shoulder
What characterizes the pain associated with acute pericarditis?
Pain increased on inspiration and relieved by expiration
What is used for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmia?
DC cardioversion (aka: DC shock)
In which of the following is the use of DC cardioversion contraindicated?
a-Third degree AV block
b-Supraventricular tachycardia
c-Ventricular tachycardia
d-Ventricular fibrillation
e-Ventricular flutter
a-Third degree AV block
A woman who is known to be hypotensive collapses on the floor after waiting in line for a long time at the airport. Which of the following is an appropriate initial therapy in this case?
a- Epinephrine injection
b- Raise her legs above her head
b- Raise her legs above her head
Which of the following is not known to cause pulmonary edema?
a-Crohn’s disease
b-Nephrotic syndrome
c-left ventricular failure
d-Hepatic failure
a-Crohn’s disease
What do you look for in an exercise stress test?
ST-depression on the ECG
What does the jugulo-venous pressure reflect?
Right-sided heart pressure
Which of the following represents ventricular contraction on the ECG?
QRS complex
What distinguishes a sinus rhythm from a non-sinus rhythm?
P-wave
When do you hear S3?
Systolic heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart disease)
Which of the following is least likely to be associated with sinus bradycardia?
a- Anemia
b- Hypothyroidism
a- Anemia