2012 Module Exam Flashcards
Which drug causes leg edema? a- Centrally-acting drugs b- Spironolactone c- CCB d- B blockers e- ACEI f- ARBs g- Steroids
c- CCB
“Calcium channel blocker (CCB)‐related edema is quite common in clinical practice”
Infection 4 weeks after prosthetic aortic valve replacement?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Which statement is correct about hypertension?
a- Treatment is indicated once the systolic pressure is above 160
b- Is the person start treating it, it will be well controlled
SBP > 160 indicates Grade II HTN, where lifestyle changes are initiated for several weeks, THEN BP drugs are added targeting <140/90
The patient has chest pain with ST elevation in the ECG in V3 to V6?
Anterior wall MI
V1-V2 are anteroseptal, V1-V4 are anterior (LAD), V4-V6 are anterolateral (LCX), which is in this case
what are the drugs that cause these side effects?
1- HTN:
2- Leg edema:
3- Cough:
Steroids
CCB
ACEI
Artery supplies SA node?
Nodal
Artery that arises from ascending aorta?
RCA
right and left coronary arteries
Mechanism of action of Aliskirin?
Renin inhibitor
What best describes the apex beat?
Most inferiolateral palpable area
What happens when the coronary perfusion pressure increases?
Arteriolar constriction
*Remember the myogenic mechanism to maintain blood flow (Q=dP/R so if P increases then R will increase by vasoconstriction to maintain Q)
CO is doubled, SVR is halved. What happens to MAP?
It remains the same
MAP=CO*SVR
What happens (to myocytes) when afterload increases?
Shortening of myocytes
*Afterload decreases the velocity of muscle fiber shortening with the same length of systole (in the first beat before interference of baroreceptors) longer myocytes at first beat
(The force of a muscle contraction declines with increasing velocity)
Type of endothelium in splenic sinus?
Discontinuous basal lamina
*Fenestrated capillaries are present in GIT mucosa, endocrine glands, renal glomerular and peritubular capillaries, choroid plexus and ciliary body. Sinusoids (aka discontinuous capillaries) are found in liver, spleen, and bone marrow
Histology of brachiocephalic?
Elastic lamella
All arrhythmia drugs share one thing, which is?
Decrease Phase 4