Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBBS > 201 HI - Histology > Flashcards

201 HI - Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Anucleated formed elements in blood

A

Red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes), reticulocytes

Cell fragments of megakaryotes (thobocytes or platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Formed elements - WBC (leukocytes) in blood

A

Agranulocytes: lymphocyte & monocyte
Granulocytes: neutrophil, eosinophils, basophli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are in plasma of blood during fluid phase?

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are in serum of blood during fluid phase?

A

Plasma w/o clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does hemopoiesis occur in fetus and adults?

A

Fetus: yolk sac, liver & spleen, bone marrow

Adult: bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differences between cell, corpuscles, cell fragments.

A

Cell: has a nucleus
Corpuscles no nucleus
Cell fragment: pinched off of cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal blood pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does Ca2+ circulate in blood?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cell in bone regulate blood Ca2+ levels?

A

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the buffy coat contain?

A

Leucocytes & platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why adult males have more formed elements than females?

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histological characteristics of RBC (erythrocytes)

A

Biconcave discs
Enucleated
Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Histological characteristics of WBC (leukocytes)

- granulocytes

A

Large granules
Multi-lobed nuclei
3 distinctive types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Histological characteristics of WBC (leukocytes)

- agranulocytes

A

Small granules
Non-lobed nuclei
2 distinctive types: lymphocytes & monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Histological characteristics of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Cell fragment
Form platelet plugs
Release chemicals necessary for blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is erythroblastic islet?

A

Colony of immature erythrocyte in cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Red marrow

A

Active, in medullary cavity of flat bones & head of long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Inactive, in middle of long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the differences between the peripheral blood smear & bone marrow smear?

A

More cells w nucleus & larger cell size in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 major organs involved in hemopoiesis during embryonic & fetal life?

A

1st trimester - yolk sac
2nd trimester - liver
3rd trimester - bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common site for a bone marrow biopsy in adults?

A

Iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long does erythrocytes live?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does reticulocytes live?

A

1 day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the clinical significance of finding abnormally high number of reticulocytes?

A

Bleeding; high altitude or anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How long does platelets last?

A

8-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where does platelet originate from & its function?

A

Originate from megakaryocyte

Function vasuclar repair by forming clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which cell type in kidney produces erythropoietin?

A

Interstitial fibroblast in kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do cell size & appearance of nuclei & cytoplasm change as cells mature?

A

Large → small
Larger euchromatic nucleus → smaller heterochromatic nucleus (loss of nuclei in RBC)
More cytoplasmic area to nucleus ratio

29
Q

Function of erythrocyte

A

Transport O2 from lungs to various tissue

Transport of CO2 from tissues to lungs

30
Q

What is the consequence of no carbonic anhydrase in RBCs?

A

CO2 cannot be hydrolized to bicarbonate, therefore, less CO2 away from tissue to blood

31
Q

In excess blood loss condition, ______ numbers increase

A

Reticulocyte

32
Q

Is the number of reticulocytes decreased in polycythemia vera?

A

Increased, bc polycythemia increase RBC count

Reticulocytes are precursors of RBC so increased

33
Q

Symptoms of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (骨髓增生不良症候群)

A

Fatigue & shortness of breath
Pallor - low RBC count (anemia)
Easy brushing or bleeding - low blood platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
Pinpoint-sized red spots - bleeding just beneath skin (petechiae)
Frequent infections - a low WBC count (leukopenia)

34
Q

What could be the cause of myelodysplastic syndrome?

A

Chemotherapy
Radiation
Toxins - tobacco, benzene, pesticides, heavy metal

35
Q

What is the effect of sickle or crescent-shaped RBC on blood flow & tissue O2?

A

Block blood flow

36
Q

Why are nucleus of megakaryocytes so large?

A

Undergoes endomitosis

37
Q

Function of platelets

A

Important in preventing blood loss by forming platelet plugs

  • surface glycoproteins & proteins for adhesion to collagen
38
Q

What is CFU?

A

Colony-forming unit

39
Q

Stages of granulopoiesis

  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
A

Common for granular leukocytic lines: myeloblast → promyelocyte

→ neutrophilic myelocyte → neutrophilic metamyelocyte → band neutrophil → matured neutrophil

→ eosinophilic myelocyte → eosinophilic metamyelocyte → eosinophil

→ basophilic myelocyte → basophilic metamyelocyte → basophil

40
Q

What is CSF? List the accurate sequence of neutrophil differentiation?

A

Colony-stimulating factor

Myeloblast → promyelocytes → myelocyte → metamyelocytes → neutrophil

41
Q

What is the difference between lysosome & lysozyme?

A

Lysosome: an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells and contains degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane

Lysozyme: enzyme like in egg white, and in body fluids, such as tears, saliva, etc, destroy cell membrane (kills bacteria, antiseptic)

42
Q

Function of WBC

A

Protect the body against microorganisms & remove dead cells & debris
Movement
Endocytosis
Exoxytosis

43
Q

What is the significance of neutrophils undergoing trans-endothelial migration into a tissue?

A

Infiltration of neutrophil to tissue via diapedesis suggest that there is infection in that area.

44
Q

Which structure in neutrophil is useful for identifying female vs male athletes in Olympics?

A

Barr Body of neutrophils

45
Q

Which 3 types of granules do the neutrophils contain?

A

Specific granules
Azurophilic granules
Tertiary granules

46
Q

Characteristics of neutrophils

A

Survive in anaerobic condition

Kill bacteria in necrotic tissue by extravasation

47
Q

Which 2 types of granules do the eosinophils contain?

A

Specific granule - crystalloid body

Azurophilic granules - lysosome

48
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Secretes IL-1 & IL-2

To fight against infection

49
Q

Function of basophil

A

Similar to mast cell
Allergy & anaphylaxis
Has IgE receptor on membrane for binding IgE antibody + antigen

50
Q

What granules are present in monocyte?

A

Azurophilic granules

51
Q

Function of monocytes

A

Phagocytosis & antigen-presenting

52
Q

What does macrophage contain?

A

Phagosomes

53
Q

Function of macrophages

A

Engulf & partially digest antigens

54
Q

Cell involved in inflammation & wound healing (4)

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Fibroblast
Lymphocytes, eosinophils & basophils

55
Q

Classification of lymphatic tissue & organs

A

Dense lymphoid tissue - tonsils, nodules in dense CT
Diffuse lymphoid tissue - Nodules in loose CT
Lymphoid organ - lymph node, spleen, thymus

56
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A

Fluid balance
Fat absorption
Defense

57
Q

Lines of defense to protect against pathogens & other foreign substances

A

Active innate immunity - external
Passive innate immunity - naturally
Active acquired immunity - by exposure to infection
Passive acquired immunity - by transferring antibody

58
Q

3 levels of lymphatic system

A

Level 1: immature lymphocyte
Level 2: Pre-B & Pre-T lymphocyte
Level 3: Educated cells

59
Q

Function of immune system

A

Destroy foreign substances & abnormal cells

Provide resistance

60
Q

Lymphocytes function along w plasma cells & macrophages to:

A

Protect against invading macromolecules
Scrutinize body fluids for detecting abnormal components
Produce antibodies to attack foreign cells
Destroy damaged & aged blood components
Reservoir for platelets
Site of hematopoiesis

61
Q

MALT

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

62
Q

GALT

A

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

63
Q

BALT

A

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

64
Q

______ tonsils in oropharynx
______ tonsils in tongue
______ tonsils in nasopharynx

A

Palatine
Lingual
Pharyngeal

65
Q

What type of epithelium found in palatine tonsils?

A

Stratified squamous

66
Q

What type of epithelium found in lingual tonsils?

A

Stratified squamous

67
Q

What type of epithelium found in pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar goblet cell

68
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles

A

Structures found in the medulla of the human thymus, formed from eosinophilic type VI epithelial reticular cells arranged concentrically

MBBS (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions