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Path Block 2 > 20-neoplasm Thyroid > Flashcards

20-neoplasm Thyroid Flashcards

0
Q

In men and children nodules are most likely

A

Malignant

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1
Q

In women majority of nodules are

A

Colloid filled cysts

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2
Q

Cold nodules can be

A

Malignant or benign

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3
Q

Hot nodules are always

A

Benign

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4
Q

What is a follicular adenoma surrounded by

A

Capsule

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5
Q

What is the name is a follicular adenoma is hot

A

Toxic adenoma with excess t3 and t4

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6
Q

Mc carcinoma of thyroid

A

Papillary carcinoma

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7
Q

2nd most common carcinoma of thyroid

A

Follicular carcinoma

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8
Q

3rd most common carcinoma of thyroid

A

Medullary carcinoma

Para follicular cells

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9
Q

4th mc carcinoma of thyroid

A

A aplastic carcinoma

Follicular cells

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10
Q

What are the risk for thyroid cancer

A

Ionizing radiation to brain
Autoimmune thyroid diseases
Genetic factors
Iodine deficiencys

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11
Q

What chromosome is the ret oncogene on ,involved in men-2

A

Chromosome 10

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12
Q

Papillary carcinoma characteristics

A 
Papillary pattern
Small psammoma bodies 
Clear chromatin-eye
Painless mass
Palpable lymph node-cervical spread
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13
Q

What cancers have psammoma bodies

A

Mesothelioma
Meningioma
Papillary cystic cancer of ovary
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

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14
Q

Microscopic characteristic of follicular carcinoma

A

Numerous small follicles lined by malignant follicular cells

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15
Q

Two things that distinguish follicular adenoma from carcinoma

A

Invasions of old vessels and invasion of capsule with follicular cells

16
Q

Where does follicular carcinoma like to metastasize to

A

Lungs and bones
-viscera
Hematogenous spread

17
Q

Is FNA enought to distinguish follicular adenoma from. Carcinoma

A

No

18
Q

What does medullary carcinoma secrete

A

Calcitonin increase

ACTH

19
Q

What does calcimine in medullary carcinoma lead to ?

Seen with what stain

A

Amyloid abnormal pattern seen with Congo red stain

20
Q

Gross appearance of medullary carcinoma

A

Soft consistency with necrosis in the center

21
Q

What autosomal familial syndromes is medullary carcinoma associated with

A

Men 1 and men2

22
Q

What do patients with men2a have

A

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Hyperparathrodism

Phaeochromocytoma

23
Q

What do patients with MEN2b have

A

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma
Mucosal neuromas of oral cavity and tongue

Marfan like

24
Q

Why are medullary carcinomas usually periphery

A

C cells migrate from neural crest to the lateral thyroid lobes so do not arise from thyroid isthmus or thyrogloss all duct remnants

25
Q

What goes the ret gene encode for

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Affect cysteine rich extra cellular domains

26
Q

Where does medullary carcinoma like to metastasize to more than lymph nodes

A

Viscera and lymph nodes

27
Q

How is men2-b associated with ret gene

A

A single amino acid change affects a critical region of the tyrosine kinase catalytic core and is responsible for mucosal neuromas

28
Q

How does medullary carcinoma spread

A

Blood and lymph

Hematogenous and lymphatic

29
Q

What syndrome can medullary cArcinoma cause

A

Cushings

Increased ACTH

30
Q

What is The tumor market for medullary carcinoma

A

Calcitonin

31
Q

Who does an aplastic thyroid carcinoma mostly occur in

A

Elderly woman

32
Q

Histology of anaplastic carcinoma

A

Undifferentiated anaplastic pleomorphic small or spindle shaped cells

Path Block 2 (19 decks)

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