20-neoplasm Thyroid Flashcards
In men and children nodules are most likely
Malignant
In women majority of nodules are
Colloid filled cysts
Cold nodules can be
Malignant or benign
Hot nodules are always
Benign
What is a follicular adenoma surrounded by
Capsule
What is the name is a follicular adenoma is hot
Toxic adenoma with excess t3 and t4
Mc carcinoma of thyroid
Papillary carcinoma
2nd most common carcinoma of thyroid
Follicular carcinoma
3rd most common carcinoma of thyroid
Medullary carcinoma
Para follicular cells
4th mc carcinoma of thyroid
A aplastic carcinoma
Follicular cells
What are the risk for thyroid cancer
Ionizing radiation to brain
Autoimmune thyroid diseases
Genetic factors
Iodine deficiencys
What chromosome is the ret oncogene on ,involved in men-2
Chromosome 10
Papillary carcinoma characteristics
Papillary pattern Small psammoma bodies Clear chromatin-eye Painless mass Palpable lymph node-cervical spread
What cancers have psammoma bodies
Mesothelioma
Meningioma
Papillary cystic cancer of ovary
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Microscopic characteristic of follicular carcinoma
Numerous small follicles lined by malignant follicular cells
Two things that distinguish follicular adenoma from carcinoma
Invasions of old vessels and invasion of capsule with follicular cells
Where does follicular carcinoma like to metastasize to
Lungs and bones
-viscera
Hematogenous spread
Is FNA enought to distinguish follicular adenoma from. Carcinoma
No
What does medullary carcinoma secrete
Calcitonin increase
ACTH
What does calcimine in medullary carcinoma lead to ?
Seen with what stain
Amyloid abnormal pattern seen with Congo red stain
Gross appearance of medullary carcinoma
Soft consistency with necrosis in the center
What autosomal familial syndromes is medullary carcinoma associated with
Men 1 and men2
What do patients with men2a have
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Hyperparathrodism
Phaeochromocytoma
What do patients with MEN2b have
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma
Mucosal neuromas of oral cavity and tongue
Marfan like
Why are medullary carcinomas usually periphery
C cells migrate from neural crest to the lateral thyroid lobes so do not arise from thyroid isthmus or thyrogloss all duct remnants
What goes the ret gene encode for
Tyrosine kinase receptor
Affect cysteine rich extra cellular domains
Where does medullary carcinoma like to metastasize to more than lymph nodes
Viscera and lymph nodes
How is men2-b associated with ret gene
A single amino acid change affects a critical region of the tyrosine kinase catalytic core and is responsible for mucosal neuromas
How does medullary carcinoma spread
Blood and lymph
Hematogenous and lymphatic
What syndrome can medullary cArcinoma cause
Cushings
Increased ACTH
What is The tumor market for medullary carcinoma
Calcitonin
Who does an aplastic thyroid carcinoma mostly occur in
Elderly woman
Histology of anaplastic carcinoma
Undifferentiated anaplastic pleomorphic small or spindle shaped cells
