18-thyroid Gland Disorders Flashcards
Thyroglossal duct cyst comes from what
When thyrogloss all duct cyst fails to atrophy
What is lingual thyroid
Failure of thyroid gland from base of tongue just posterior to foramen cecum
What can arise from lining of the thryoductal gland cyst
Cancer
What is the most common hyperthyrodism and thyrotoxicosis
Graves’ disease
Causes for primary hyperthyrodism
Graves’ disease
Toxic multinodular goiter
Toxic thyroid adenoma
Thyroiditis
Lab for primary hyperthyrodism
^ t3t4
Decreased TSH
Lab for secondary hyperthyrodism
Increased t3t4
Increased TSH
Secondary cause of hyperthyrodism
Benign adenoma of the pituitary gland
Where does in hyperthyrodism come from on strums ovarii
Teratoma germ layers secrete it
Increased t3and t4
Why do people with hyperthyroidism have a wise staring gaze
Overstimulation if th elevator palpebrae superioris
Where is exophthalmos see a and why does it happen
Only in Graves’ disease and it is due to the accumulation if connective tissue behind the eyeballs , also excessive deposition of periorbital tissue
Uppereyelid is separated from the upper part of the cornea
What antibody is involved in graves
IgG- TSTimulating
What happens to the thyroid follicular cells in graves
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
What are the 4 clinical manifestations only seen in Graves’ disease
Pretibial myxedema
Proptosis- exophthalmos
Acropachy
What causes the four clinical manifestations in graves ?
Fibroblasts are activated because have TSH receptors and they secrete GAGS
How are the glands histologically in graves
Tall columnar hyperplasia thyroid cells lining the follicles and forming micro papillary projections or solid cords
- stroma lymphocytes form aggregates
- colloid is pale -peripheral scalloping
- thyroid follicular folds
DD of graves
Papillary carcinoma
Has clear chromatin and pseudo inclusions
What genes are associated wth Graves’ disease
HLA dr3
HLA b8
The other name for exophthalmos and reasons for it
Infiltrative opthalmopathy
Infiltrated by mononuclear cell lymphocytes
Inflammatory edema and swellings of extra ocular muscles
Increased number of adipocytes
Is pretibial myxedema is what kind of edema
Non pitting edema
Blood levels in graves
Hypo lipid
Hyperglycemia
Hypercalcemia
Propylthiouracil or methimazole is a treatment for what
Hyperthyrodism
Toxic nodular goiter - plummers disease
One or more nodules in MNG becomes TSH dependent
Hot nodule *
Toxic adenoma
Benign tumor single
How are the TH and TSH levels in thyrotoxicosis and what do patients develop
T3and t4 are high
TSH undetectable
Patient -delirium coma tachy, atrial fib
What is myxedema
Is a term used to denote edema of the skin and internal organs due to accumulations of hygroscopic gag typically in hypothyroidism of adults
What do you see around the eyes in hypothyroidism
Periorbital puffiness
What happens to the skin in myxedema
Discolored
lab findings in myxedema
Increased TSH Decreased t3t4 Hyper cholesterol Normocystic to maxrocytic anemia Hypoatremia -mild SIADH
Hashimotos ab
Antimicrosomal ab
Anti thyroglobulin ab
Ant peroxidase ab
Features of creatinism
Dwarfism
Pot belly
Enlarged tongue
Umbilical hernia
