20

Question 1

exim

Answer 1

T purports to report events in order of occurrence, but his material is selectively arranged in such a way that further meaningful patterns emerge

Question 2

Claudius Timarchus Cretensis

Answer 2

name specifies a hybrid freedman combining hints of Nero with Greek ruling elite

Question 3

praevaldi… opibus nimiis ad iniurias minorum… elati

Answer 3

chiasmus type-casts Timarchus as a representative of the provincial super-elite

Question 4

praevaldi… elati

Answer 4

frame clause showing how the elite suppress the ‘minorum’; ‘elati’ suggests elevation above common mortals

Question 5

minorum

Answer 5

contrasts the excessively powerful with their inferiors, implying that such a differential in power will inevitably lead to harm for those at the bottom of the pecking order

Question 6

‘una’ ‘ad contumeliam senatus penetraverat’

Answer 6

una harks back to ceteris; contumeliam harks back to criminibus; senatus picks up minorum; penetraverat suggests this crime is more serious

the idea conveyed is that a single verbal slight of superiors is graver than the systematic exploitation of the powerless

Question 7

dictitasset

Answer 7

frequentative, implies the crime was repeated many times

Question 8

in sua potestate

Answer 8

exposed position highlights his offence

Question 9

Paetus Thrasea

Answer 9

reversal of names reflects ‘vertens’

Question 10

ad bonum publicum

Answer 10

he doesn’t care about the case at hand, rather the behaviour of Rome’s senatorial elite

Question 11

de reo

Answer 11

subject accusative is derived from this phrase - the ellision of the subject accusative reinforces the sense that TP doesn’t care about the case itself

Question 12

usu probatum est

Answer 12

strongly commences his claim

Question 13

egregias… honesta

Answer 13

recall the noble Romans of old

Question 14

bonos ex delictis aliorum gigni

Answer 14

antithesis boosts his motion

implies that Romans are not inherently morally superior, but rather their response to sin is, therefore he urges the ‘good’ senators to prove their worthiness of the title by voting in favour of his motion

Question 15

bonos ex delictis aliorum gigni

Answer 15

antithesis boosts his motion

implies that Romans are not inherently morally superior, but rather their response to sin is, therefore he urges the ‘good’ senators to prove their worthiness of the title by voting in favour of his motion

Question 16

culpa… poena… emendari… peccare posterius

Answer 16

intricate chiasmus, with two instances of plosive alliteration, reinforce TP’s point