2. Emotionele uitdrukking per leeftijd

Question 1

all primary emotions appear

Answer 1

Birth-6 months

Question 2

displays of positive emotion are encouraged and become more commonplace

Answer 2

Birth-6 months

Question 3

attempts to regulate negative emotions by sucking or turning away are observed

Answer 3

Birth-6 months

Question 4

discriminate such facial expressions as happiness, anger, and sadness

Answer 4

Birth-6 months

Question 5

Primary emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness become more apparent

Answer 5

7-12 months

Question 6

Emotional regulation improves as toddlers distract themselves from or attempt to control stimuli that upset them

Answer 6

7-12 months

Question 7

recognition of others’ primary emotions improves

Answer 7

7-12 months

Question 8

social referencing appears

Answer 8

7-12 months

Question 9

Secondary (self-conscious) emotions appear

Answer 9

1-3 years

Question 10

Emotional regulation improves as they distract themselves from or attempt to control stimuli that upset them

Answer 10

1-3 years

Question 11

Begin to talk about and play-act emotions

Answer 11

1-3 years

Question 12

empathic responding appears

Answer 12

1-3 years

Question 13

Appearance and refinement of cognitive strategies for regulating emotions

Answer 13

3-6 years

Question 14

some masking of emotions and compliance with some display rules

Answer 14

3-6 years

Question 15

Understanding of the external causes and consequences of emotions improves

Answer 15

3-6 years

Question 16

Empathic responding becomes more common

Answer 16

3-6 years

Question 17

Compliance with display rules improves

Answer 17

6-12 years

Question 18

Self-conscious emotions become more closely ties to internalized standards of “right” or “competent” behavior

Answer 18

6-12 years

Question 19

Self-regulation strategies (including those allowing one to intensify emotions when appropriate) become more varied and more complex

Answer 19

6-12 years

Question 20

Children integrate internal and external cues to understand others’ emotions

Answer 20

6-12 years

Question 21

Empathetic responding becomes stronger

Answer 21

6-12 years

Question 22

Awareness that people may differ in their emotional reactions to the same event

Answer 22

6-12 years

Question 23

Understanding that others may experience mixed emotions

Answer 23

6-12 years