Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology BC 3&4 > 2- Dynamic Cells: Molecules On The Move ✅ > Flashcards

2- Dynamic Cells: Molecules On The Move ✅ Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active transport

A

The passage of a substance across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Apoptosis

A

The process of cell regulated cell death, mainly done by lack of signalling to a cell.
Related to cancer in that when apoptosis fails and cells rapidly divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Proteins that transport so lutes across the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by a change in shape of the protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Channel proteins

A

Proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane that, when open allow the movement of solutes into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromatin

A

The substance containing DNA, proteins, and some RNA, of which chromosomes are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure containing proteins and a single DNA molecule that carries genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The change in concentration of a substance over distance or across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

The network of microtubules and microfilaments found in eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differentially/semi/partially permeable

A

A quality of membranes to allow only certain kinds of particle through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of net passive movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process where by particles enter an animal cell intact without passing through the structure of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

The system of membrane lined cavities in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is the site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eukaryotes

A

An organism that consists of cells containing distinct organelles including a nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Exocytosis

A

A process by which substances are removed from the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extra cellular matrix

A

The material between the cells of multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The process whereby a substance is transported across the plasma membrane of a cell, using transport proteins that are specific to each solute transported but without the expenditure of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Golgi body/apparatus/complex

A

A membrane bound organelle of a cell comprising of stacks of four to ten disk shaped cisternae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution that is lower in solute compared to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution that is higher in solute compared to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intermediate filament

A

A group of protein filaments that make up one component of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, they form rope like bundles that provide tensile strength for the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution with solute concentration equal to another solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lysosomes

A

A membrane bound vesicle of an animal cell that contains digestive & decomposing enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Microfilament

A

A thread like structure made of protein that is involved in various from of cellular movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Microtubules

A

Small tubules made up of protein tubulin; they are a major component in the cytoskeleton, that is maintaining cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Non-self

A

Describes agents(cells organisms, substances) that are not recognised by the immune system as being part of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

The membrane of phospholipids around the nucleus of the cell

28
Q

Nucleolus

A

A dark staining sub-organelle found within the nucleus of the cells

29
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle bound by a double membrane found within eukaryotic cells

30
Q

Organelle

A

Describes the structures within a cell that carry out specific functions

31
Q

Osmosis

A

The passive process of diffusion of water across a semi permible membrane

32
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process of endocytosis solid molecules are transported into the cell

33
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid molecule with one of the fatty acids replaces with a phosphate group

34
Q

Pinocytosis

A

The process of endocytosis by which liquid or gas molecules are brought into the cell

35
Q

Plasma membrane (aka cell membrane)

A

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and contains the cytoplasm, and keeps it from the extracellular fluid

36
Q

Plasmolysis

A

An occurrence of a plant cell to reduce its internal size due to lack of water

37
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Describes a cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles including a nucleus

38
Q

Protein pathway

A

The movement of proteins produced by ribosomes attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum, through a series of compartments and vesicles, via the Golgi body, to secretory vesicles for export by Exocytosis

39
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles comprised of ribosomal RNA and protein that facilitate the process of protein synthesis

40
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Describes a boundary, such as the plasma membrane, that allows only some substances to pass through it while keeping other substances out

41
Q

Self

A

Describes agents(cells organisms, substances) that are recognised by the immune system as being part of the organism

42
Q

Solute

A

A molecule or chemical that is submerged within a solvent

43
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid substance in which the solute is dissolved in

44
Q

Stomata

A

An opening located on the underside epidermis of plant leaves that’s is bounded by two guard cells

45
Q

Turgid

A

Describes a state of a plant cell in which the vacuole is filled, and the cell wall is convex due to this

46
Q

Turgor pressure

A

The force exerted by the vacuole when at a high capacity

47
Q

Vacuole

A

The organelles found mainly in plants that house the water and other wastes of the cell within the centre of the cell.

48
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

A process where by glucose is broken down in a oxygen deprived environment, into pyruvate (in humans) then lactic acid, (in yeast) then ethanol.

49
Q

Organelles

A

A structure found with in cells that performs a specialised metabolic function

50
Q

Cholesterol

A

C27H45OH, it is a molecule that sits in the cell membrane and increases rigidity and flexiblity

51
Q

Glycoproteins

A

A complex molecule composed of protein connected to a carbohydrate.

52
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving, that is it is water soluble compound

53
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water hating, that is it is insoluble in water

54
Q

Receptor protein

A

A protein lodged in the cell membrane that detects hormones and other chemicals and cause the cascade effect of secondary messengers in signal transduction

55
Q

Recognition proteins

A

Proteins imbedded in the cell membrane that detect self and non self cells

56
Q

Transport protein

A

A protein imbedded in the cell membrane that allows access in or out of the cell

57
Q

Crenation

A

A process by which an animal cell left in a hypertonic solution shrinks and shrivels as it looses its water.

58
Q

Equilibrium

A

A point at which two solutions have equal net movement between each other

59
Q

Flaccid

A

A process by which a plant when losing water droops

60
Q

Lysis

A

A process by which a cell membrane is breached.

In osmosis this is done when an animal cell left in a hypotonic solution bulges and bursts as it gains its water.

61
Q

Passive transport

A

The processes by which substances are moved across a semipermeable membrane which out the usage of energy

62
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine tri-phosphate, a chemical with high energy bonds that when dissociation occurs large amounts of energy are given off

63
Q

Cisternae

A

One of the flattened vesicles comprising the Golgi body on part of the rough Endoplasmic reticulum

64
Q

Exocytosis

A

A process by which substances ar transported out of the cell by a vesicle

65
Q

Vesicles

A

A membrane bound sac found within cells that plays a role in the distribution, organisation, and transport of substances both inside and within the cell

Biology BC 3&4 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions