2. Chromosomes & Genome

Question 1

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 1

Chromosomes are found in:

The NUCLEUS of cells

Chromosomes contain the molecule DNA

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

DNA:

• is found within the chromosomes of cells
• it is an GENETIC materials that determines our INHERITED FEATURES
• 2 has TWO STRANDS called POLYMERS
• Each strand is made up by joining together much smaller MOLECULES
• The double strands wrap around each other to form a DOUBLE HELIX

-

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A GENE is a SMALL SECTION OF DNA on a chromosome - we have 2 copies of every gene

Question 4

What is the human genome?

Answer 4

The human genome is the:

ENTIRE GENETIC MATERIAL that makes up a human

Question 5

Why are scientists interesting in studying human genome?

Answer 5

1. By studying human genome (the entire human genetic material) SCIENTISTS can SEARCH for GENES that are LINKED to DISEASEeg GENE that are likely to lead to the development of CANCER or ALZHEIMER’S
2. It will help SCIENTISTS to UNDERSTAND and TREAT INHERITED DISEASES eg CYSTIC FIBROSIS
3. It can help us TRACE HOW HUMANS have changes over the years

Question 6

Normal cells contain how many Chromosomes?

Answer 6

Normal cells contain 23 pairs of CHROMOSOMES - so that is 2 copies of each chromosome - 1 from your father & one from your mother

Question 7

What are gametes in animals & humans are?

Answer 7

Gametes are specialised cells - in humans and animals the sex cells SPERM & EGG

In PLANTS - POLLEN & EGG

Question 8

The process when Human gametes join is called?

Answer 8

The process when Human gametes join is called

FERTILISATION

Question 9

What does Genome mean?

Answer 9

Genome means all the genetic material of an organism