Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > 1. Animal tissues, organs & organ systems > Flashcards

1. Animal tissues, organs & organ systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Specialised cells?

A

Specialised cells:

. cells that DEVELOP and become more EFFICIENT at their job eg:

. SPERM cell - long tail to propel the sperm to FERTILISE the EGG

. MUSCLE cells - can CONTRACT to bring about MOVEMENT

. NERVE CELL - long with branches to carry NERVE IMPULSES

. PLANT ROOT HAIR CELL - long root to INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA to ABOSRB WATER & MINERALS

. XYLEM cells in PLANT - CELL WALL is STRENGTHENED & XYLEM CELLS are end to end to TRANSPORT WATER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a TISSUE?

A

A tissue is:

A GROUP of CELLS with a SIMILAR STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

eg Muscle tissue CONTRACT TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a cell?

A

Cells are the BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF all LIVING ORGANISMS

Cells can develop and become SPECIALISED Cells - good at doing one thing eg sperm cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an ORGAN SYSTEM?

A

ORGAN SYSTEM

An Organ system are a group of ORGANS that work TOGETHER to perform a particular jobs eg DIGESTIVE SYSTEM to DIGEST & ABSORB FOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are ENZYMES?

A

ENZYMES are:

. Catalysts - they SPEED UP chemical reactions
. They are all LARGE PROTEINS
. They work best at a specific TEMPERATURE & PH - called the OPTIMUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What theory is used to describe how enzymes work?

A

LOCK & KEY THEORY is used to explain how enzymes work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can make enzymes change shape?

A

HIGH TEMPERATURES & EXTREMES PH can make enzymes change shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the process called when enzymes change shape?

A

DENATURING is when enzymes change shape.

The enzyme no longer works because the LOCK & KEY no longer fits together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

The digestive enzymes - PROTEASE LIPASE & CARBOHYDRASE digest PROTEINS - LIPIDS & CARBOHYDRATES to produce SMALLER MOLECULES.

The benefit is that these smaller molecules can be EASILY ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can denature (make it stop working & shape shape) an enzyme?

A

H E A T can denature an enzyme and make it change shape and stop working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many systems does the human circulation system have?

A

The human circulation systems is a DOUBLE system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many times does the blood passes through the heart on each circuit?

A

The blood passes through the heart TWICE on each circuit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is BILE produced?

A

Bile is produced in the LIVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is bile STORED?

A

Bile is stored in the GALL BLADDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the test for sugar/glucose?

A

Test for glucose?

. Add BENEDICT’S Re-Agent
. Heat in a water bath x 2 mins
. If SUGAR present - it will turn RED
. Don’t heat for too LONG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the test for STARCH?

A

Test for Starch?

. Add IODINE SOLUTION
. If starch present - it will turn BLUE/BLACK

17
Q

What is the test for protein?

A

Test for Protein?

. Add biuret re-agent

. If protein present it will turn PURPLE

. Purple might be difficult to see - solve problem - hold tube in front of a WHITE SHEET of Paper

18
Q

Where is AMYLASE produced?

A

AMYLASE is A DIGESTIVE ENZYME & is produced in:

. SALIVARY GLANDS & the PANCREAS

. It is a CARBOHYDRATE that breaks down STARCH into SUGAR

19
Q

What is PROTEASE?

A

Protease is a DIGESTIVE ENZYME. It:

. is produced in the STOMACH, PANCREAS & SMALL INTESTINE

. It breaks down PROTEINS into AMINO ACIDS

20
Q

What is LIPASE?

A

LIPASE is a DIGESTIVE ENZYME. It:

. is produced in the PANCREAS & SMALL INTESTINE

. breaks down LIPIDS (FATS) into fatty ACIDS & GLYCEROL

21
Q

What does BILE do?

A

Bile is:

. a liquid made in the LIVER
. STORED in the GALL BLADDER
. It is ALKALINE to neutralise HYDROCHLORIC ACID from the STOMACH
. Bile BREAKS up FAT droplets into SMALLER ones

22
Q

REQUIRED PRACTICAL - the effects of pH on the reaction of AMYLASE ENZYME

A

pH in the rate of reaction of AMYLASE ENZYME

  1. TWO test tubes - one with amylase & another test tube with starch solution into a water bath at 37 degrees
  2. After 5 mins add the amylase solution to the STARCH
  3. Every 30 SECONDS take a drop from the mixture & test for STARCH using IODINE SOLUTION
  4. Records how long it take for the STARCH to be completely DIGESTED
  5. Possible errors - after mixing the TUBE must be kept in the water bath
  6. The DEPENDENT VARIABLE is TIME - ie the time taken for STARCH to be digested
  7. Care if a bunsen burner is used. Do not spill IODINE SOLUTION on the skin
  8. CONTROL VARIABLES - kept the same eg temperature, volume of amlase
23
Q

What type of molecule is an ENZYME?

A

An enzyme is a PROTEIN molecule

24
Q

What type of enzyme is use to predigest proteins?

A

PROTEASE enzyme is used to pre-digest proteins.

25
Q

What is produced when enzymes digest proteins?

A

AMINO ACIDS are produced when enzymes digest proteins.

26
Q

Where does the drug DIGITALIS originate from?

A

Digitalis originates from FOXGLOVES (plant) it is use to SLOW THE HEART RATE

27
Q

What is the job of DIGESTIVE ENZYMES?

A

Digestive Enzymes CONVERT FOOD into SMALL SOLUBLE molecules that can be ABSORBED into the BLOOD STREAM

28
Q

CARBOHYDRASES breaks down …

A

CARBOHYDRASES breaks down CARBOHYDRATES to SIMPLE SUGARS

29
Q

Proteases breaks down

A

Proteases breaks down PROTEINS to AMINO ACIDS

30
Q

LIPASES breaks down

A

LIPASES breaks down LIPIDS (fats) to GLYCEROL & FATTY ACIDS

31
Q

All about BILE

A

BILE

  • made in LIVER
  • stored in the GALL BLADDER
  • it is ALKALINE
  • it neutralises HYDROCHOLRIC ACID from the STOMACH
  • it EMULSIFIES FAT to form small droplets which increase the SURFACE AREA
  • the ALKALINE & LARGE SURFACE AREA increases the RATE OF RATE BREAKDOWN BY LIPASE
32
Q

Most food molecules are absorbed ….

A

Most food molecules are absorbed in the SMALL INTESTINE

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions