2: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - BLOOD VESSELS AND BLOOD PRESSURE

Question 1

LOW (HYPOTENSION) blood pressure readings

Answer 1

< 90/60 mmHg

Question 2

NORMAL blood pressure readings

Answer 2

90/60 mmHg - 120/80 mmHg

Question 3

PREHYPERTENSION blood pressure readings

Answer 3

120/80 mmHg - 140/90 mmHg

Question 4

HYPERTENSION blood pressure readings

Answer 4

> 140/90 mmHg

Question 5

Risk factors for Hypertension

Answer 5

Largely more at risk of strokes and heart attacks
Age
Family history
Overweight
Smoking
High salt
Low potassium
Alcohol
Stress
Medical conditions

Question 6

What is Venous return

Answer 6

the process of returning blood to the heart via veins

Question 7

What is the biggest vein

Answer 7

vena cava (carries blood from the body into the right atrium)

Question 8

What do pulmonary veins do

Answer 8

returns blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 9

Tell me about arteries

Answer 9

• Carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure to the capillaries
• Have thick muscle walls, made up of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue to allow it to expand and recoil
• Small internal diameter supports high pressure environment
• High pressure in large arteries, gets less as arteries become smaller and get further away from the heart

Question 10

Tell me about veins

Answer 10

• Smaller veins = venules
• Carry blood back to the heart
• Have thin walls, less capacity for expanding and recoiling
• Have one way valves at regular intervals to prevent backflow
• Larger diameters than arteries allowing them to hold approx ⅔ of all circulating blood

Question 11

what is the diastole phase

Answer 11

recover phase of the cardiac cycle, when the arteries are able to fill with oxygen rich blood most effectively

Question 12

what are the two main diseases that affect arteries

Answer 12

Arteriosclerosis
Athersclerosis

Question 13

what is it called when arteries are affected by both artheriosclerosis and athersclerosis

Answer 13

coronary heart disease (CDH)

Question 14

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 14

narrowing of the arteries caused by circulatory fats (lipids) being deposited in the lining of the artery walls that have become rough. Calcium also lays down around the fatty deposits. makes it difficult to meet the o2 demands of organs and muscles

Question 15

what is athersclerosis

Answer 15

degeneration of the artery walls that leads to hardening and loss of elasticity. the ability for the arteries to relax and allow blood to pass through is decreased = high blood pressure

Question 16

what are risk factors of CHD

Answer 16

smoking
laziness
diet (high levels of saturated fat)
hypertension
type 2 diabetes
obesity
high blood cholestrol
stress
HRT
family history
gender (men more likely)
age (most common over 50)

Question 17

what can you do to reduce risk of CDH

Answer 17

increase physical activity
control body weight
no smoking
healthy diet
manage stress

Question 18

Blood pressure responses to exercise (short term)

Answer 18

• Systolic blood pressure increases proportionately with exercise intensity
• Diastolic blood pressure can increase during resistance training but remains largely unchanged during other forms