16: POSTERIOR MUSCLES Flashcards
Where is the levator scapulae muscle
back of the neck
what does the levator scapulae muscle cross
shoulder girdle, moves the scapular relative to the ribcage
what does the levator scapulae do
elevates the scapula
assists in downwards rotation of the scapula
laterally flexes the neck
where are the deltoids
shoulder
where do the deltoids cross
the shoulder
what do the deltoids do
anterior fibres lift the arm forward and draws the arm across the body (flexion)
lateral fibres lift the arm to the side (abduction)
posterior fibres pul the arm backwards and behin the body (extension)
where is the infraspinatus muscle
on the scapula, inferior to the spine of scapula
where does the infraspinatus cross
the shoulder
what does the infraspinatus do
turns the arm outwards (lateral rotation)
stabilises the shoulder join
where is the supraspinatus muscle
on the shoulder blade, superior to the spine of scapula
where does the supraspinatus cross
the shoulder
what does the surpraspinatus do
assists the deltoind in lifting the arm to the side (abduction)
stabilises the shoulder joint (helps prevent downward dislocation)
where is the teres minor muscle
from the inferior, anterior aspect of the shoulder blade to the posterior aspect of the head of the humerus
where does the teres minor cross
the shoulder
what does the teres minor do
turns the arm outwards (lateral rotation)
stabilises the shoulder joint
what are the main muscles in the neck and sholder
levator scapulae
deltoids
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor
where are the triceps brachii
back of upper arm
where do the triceps brachii cross
the elbow and shoulder joints
what does the triceps brachii do
straightens the elbow (extention)
assists in drawing the arm down (extension and adduction)
what are the 3 muscles in the errector spinae group
- illiocostalis group
- longissimus group
- spinalis
where is the illiocastalis group
found running vertically either side of the vertebral column
what does the illiocastalis group cross
multiple vertebrae
what does the illiocastalis group do
extension of the spine (bending back)
lateral flexion - bend to the side
rotation of the spine
where is the longissimus group
runs vertically either side of the vertebral column
where does the longissimus group cross
multiple vertebrae
what does the longissimus group do
neck extension (look up)
lateral neck flexion (tilt head side to side)
back extension (bend back)
lateral back flexion (bend sideways)
where is the spinalis muscle
closest to the vertebral column of all muscles
where does the spinalis cross
multiple vertebrae
what does the spinalis do
neck extension (look up)
back extension (bend back)
where is the multifidus muscles
either side of the vertebral column
where does the multifidus muscle cross
all intervertebral joints
what does the multifidus muscle do
acts bilaterally - straightens the side (extension)
acts unilaterally - assists in pulling the torso to the side (lateral flexion) and assists in turning the torso (rotation)
where is the quadratus lumborum muscle
either side of vertebral column
where does the quadratus lumborum cross
lumbar intervertebral joints
what does the quadratus lumborum do
pulls torso to the side (lateral flexion)
where is the latissimus dorsi muscles
back
where does the latissimus dorsi muscle cross
shoulders
what does the latissimus dorsi muscle do
draws up back and down (extension)
draws arm down to the side (adduction)
turns arm inwards (medial rotation)
assists in depression of scapula
where is the trapezius muscle
between shoulder blades
where does the trapezius muscle cross
shoulder girdle
what does the trapezius muscle do
upper fibres raises the shoulder girdle (elevation)
middle fibres pulls shoulder girdle back (retraction)
lower fibres pull shoulder girdle down (depression)
whole muscle upwardly rotates scapular
where are the rhomboids
between shoulder blades
where do the rhomboids cross
shoulder girdle
what do the rhomboids do
retracts scapula
downwardly rotates scapula
what are the main muscles in the back
erector spinae group
multifidus
quadratus lumborum
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
rhomboids
where is the gluteus maximus
behind the hip (buttocks)
where does the gluteus maximus cross
hip joint
what does the glute max do
pulls thigh backwards (hip extension)
turns thigh outwards (hip lateral flexion)
where is the gluteus medius
outside of hip
where does the glute medius cross
hip joint
what does the glute medius do
raises thigh to side (abduction)
anterior fibres assis in hip flexion and medial rotation
posterior fibres assist in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)
where is the gluteus minimus
outside of hip, deep to gluteus medius
where does the glute minimus cross
hip joint
what does the glute minimus do
raises thigh to the side (abduction)
assits in turning thigh inwards (medial rotation)
posterior fibres assist in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)
where is the piriformis muscle
outside of hip, deep to medius and minimus
where does the piriformis cross
hip joint
what does the piriformis do
raises thigh to side (abduction)
assists in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)
what are the main gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
piriformis
where is the bicep femoris
back of thigh
where does the bicep femoris cross
knee and hip
what does the bicep fermoris do
bends knee (flexion)
helps pull thigh backwards (extension)
lateral rotation of the knee
where is the semimembranosus
back of the thigh
what does the semimembranosus cross
knee and hip
what does the semimembranosus do
helps bend the knee (flexion)
helps pull thigh backwards (extension)
where is the semitendinosus muscle
back of thigh
where does the semitendinosus cross
hip and knee
what does the semitendinosus do
bends knee (flexion)
helps pull thigh backwards (extension)
what are the main hamstring muscles
Bicep femoris
semimembranosus
semtendinosus
where is the gastrocnemius mucle
calf
where does the gastrocnemius cross
ankle and knee
what does the gastrocnemius do
raises the heel (ankle plantar flexion)
assists in bending the knee (knee flexion)
where is the soleus muscle
calf
where does the soleus cross
ankle
what does the soleus do
raises the heel when feet on floor (plantar flexion)
