1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART STRUCTURE AND LOCATION Flashcards
What is the Cardiovascular System
The system that transports blood and nutrients around the body, including oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the structure of the heart
The organ that pumps blood through the body and is made up of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles
What are arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are veins
Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
What are arterioles
Small blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What are venules
Small blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
What is Pulmonary Circulation
The part of the circulatory system that carries blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation
What is Systemic Circulation
The part of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What is Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per heartbeat
What is Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute
What is the Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
What is the normal heart rate?
60-100 BPM
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What is the function of the pulmonary vein?
To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
What is the function of the vena cava?
To return deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium
What is the function of the aortic valve?
To prevent back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle
What is the pathway of blood flow through the heart?
Body - Vena Cava - Right Atrium - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Valve - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrium - Bicuspid Valve - Left Ventricle - Aortic Valve - Aorta - Body
what is the cardiac muscle called
myocardium
what are the two semiulnar valves
pulmonary valve
aortic valve
where are the semilunvar valves located
between the ventricles and arteries
what do the semilunar valves to
- as ventricles will up the semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow
- as ventricle pump, the pressure causes the valves to flatten against walls of ateries, opening them to allow blood to exit the heart
what are the two atrioventricular valves
tricuspid valve (right)
bicuspid valve (left)
where are the atrioventricular valves
between atria and ventricles
what does the right coronary artery do
supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with oxygenated blood
what does the left coronary artery do
Left circumflex artery - supplies the posterior portion of the left atrium and ventricle with oxygenated blood
left anterior descending artery - supplied anterior portion with oxygenated blood
what are the two branches of the left coronary artery
left circumflex artery
cardiovascular responses to exercise (short term)
- heart rate increases in proportion to intensity (so more o2 can be delivered to working muscles and more co2 removed)
- stroke volume increases
- cardiac output increases (201/min) in lazy people and (401/min) in active people
- Blood flow is diverted away from areas by vasoconstriction of arteries to divert blood to working muscles
- vasodialistion widens the arteries and arterioles supplying the muscles to increase blood flow
- increase o2 supply
- increased coronary blood flor
