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Pilates > 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART STRUCTURE AND LOCATION > Flashcards

1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART STRUCTURE AND LOCATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular System

A

The system that transports blood and nutrients around the body, including oxygen and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What is the structure of the heart

A

The organ that pumps blood through the body and is made up of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles

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3
Q

What are arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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4
Q

What are veins

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart

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5
Q

What are arterioles

A

Small blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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6
Q

What are venules

A

Small blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

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7
Q

What is Pulmonary Circulation

A

The part of the circulatory system that carries blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation

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8
Q

What is Systemic Circulation

A

The part of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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9
Q

What is Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per heartbeat

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10
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute

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11
Q

What is the Aorta

A

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

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12
Q

What is the normal heart rate?

A

60-100 BPM

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13
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

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14
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

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15
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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16
Q

What is the function of the vena cava?

A

To return deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium

17
Q

What is the function of the aortic valve?

A

To prevent back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

18
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow through the heart?

A

Body - Vena Cava - Right Atrium - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Valve - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrium - Bicuspid Valve - Left Ventricle - Aortic Valve - Aorta - Body

19
Q

what is the cardiac muscle called

A

myocardium

20
Q

what are the two semiulnar valves

A

pulmonary valve
aortic valve

21
Q

where are the semilunvar valves located

A

between the ventricles and arteries

22
Q

what do the semilunar valves to

A
  1. as ventricles will up the semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow
  2. as ventricle pump, the pressure causes the valves to flatten against walls of ateries, opening them to allow blood to exit the heart
23
Q

what are the two atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid valve (right)
bicuspid valve (left)

24
Q

where are the atrioventricular valves

A

between atria and ventricles

25
Q

what does the right coronary artery do

A

supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with oxygenated blood

26
Q

what does the left coronary artery do

A

Left circumflex artery - supplies the posterior portion of the left atrium and ventricle with oxygenated blood
left anterior descending artery - supplied anterior portion with oxygenated blood

27
Q

what are the two branches of the left coronary artery

A

left circumflex artery

28
Q

cardiovascular responses to exercise (short term)

A
  • heart rate increases in proportion to intensity (so more o2 can be delivered to working muscles and more co2 removed)
  • stroke volume increases
  • cardiac output increases (201/min) in lazy people and (401/min) in active people
  • Blood flow is diverted away from areas by vasoconstriction of arteries to divert blood to working muscles
  • vasodialistion widens the arteries and arterioles supplying the muscles to increase blood flow
  • increase o2 supply
  • increased coronary blood flor

Pilates (17 decks)

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