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CVPGI > 2-Atherosclerosis > Flashcards

2-Atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

a generic term for the hardening of arterioles and arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

what are the clinical consequences for arteriosclerosis

A

none

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3
Q

where is arteriosclerosis found mostly

A

kidneys and brain, not in extremities

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4
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

a subclassification of arteriosclerosis in which there are localized accumulations of lipid material within or beneath the intima of blood vessels

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5
Q

what is the most frequent cause of morbidity caused by vascular disease

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

what are the 3 patterns of vascular disease that have in common thickening and lost of elasticity of arterial wall

A

1-atherosclerosis (dominant)
2-Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
3-arteriosclerosis

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7
Q

what is monckeberg arteriosclerosis

A

characterized by calcific deposits in medium sized muscluar arteries in persons older than 50 years

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8
Q

the calcifications of monckeberg arteriosclerosis take what irregular form

A

irregular medial plates or discrete transverse rings

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9
Q

what are the 2 anatomic variants of arteriosclerosis

A

1-hyaline arteriosclerosis

2-hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

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10
Q

what is hyaline arteriosclerosis

A

muscle replaced by hyaline material in the media and intima

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11
Q

what color is the homogenous material in a hyaline arteriosclerosis slide

A

pink-hematoxylin and eosin stain

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12
Q

where is hyaline arteriosclerosis typically found

A

kidneys of patients with diabetes mellitus

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13
Q

what is hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

A

thickening of arteriolar wall due to concentric proliferation of smooth muscle cells (onion skin appearance)

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14
Q

what type of blood vessels are primarily affected by artherosclerosis

A

large elastic arteries and medium sized arteries

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15
Q

what are the initial features of atherosclerosis

A

-deposits of lipids appearing as fatty streaks in the arterial wall

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16
Q

during the atherosclerosis process these are lipid deposits form by small yellow patch like areas called what

A

plaque

17
Q

symptomatic atherosclerotic disease is localized where

A

arteries of heat and brain

18
Q

what is the major consequences of atherosclerosis

A

myocardial and cerebral infarction, aortic aneurysms

19
Q

what are some other consequences of atherosclerosis resulting from acutely or chronically diminished arterial perfusion

A
  • gangrene of legs
  • mesenteric occlusion
  • cardiac arrest
  • ischemic heart disease
  • ischemic encephalopathy
20
Q

what is atheroma

A

plaque enlarges, and calcium deposits become admixed with accumulating lipids to form a mushy, gritty atheroslerotic plaque

21
Q

what is the hallmark lesion of atherosclerosis

A

atheroma

22
Q

how does a typical atheroma appear

A

as a hardening of the vessels wall

23
Q

what does the lipid-rich centers of atheroma consist of

A

primarily of cholesterol and cholesterol esters

24
Q

what is the composition of the fibrous cap (fibrotic capsule)

A
  • proliferating smooth muscle cells
  • macrophages
  • lymphocytes
  • foam cells
  • EC matrix
  • fibrin
  • thrombus
25
Q

what are foam cells

A

in athersclerotic plaques, smooth muscle cells and macrophages within intima are filled with lipid vacuoles, made up of cholesterol and cholesterol esters

26
Q

what are the 3 components of atherosclerotic plaques

A

1-cells (smooth muscle, macrophages)
2-Conn tiss EC matrix–collogen, elastic fibers, proteoglycans
3-Intra and extracellular lipid deposits

27
Q

what are the 2 ways by which the process of atherosclerosis begins

A

1-fatty streaks

2-intimal smooth muscle cell masses

28
Q

what is the evidence that fatty streaks and intimal smooth muscle masses evolve into atheromas

A

-evidence is indirect in that these progress into lesions that resemble atheromas

29
Q

how early in lifedo fatty streaks appear

A

can appear as early as one

30
Q

are all fatty streaks destined to become lesions

A

no

31
Q

what happens in advance atherosclerosis

A

fatty atheroma converted to fibrous scar

32
Q

which lesions of atherosclerosis have most clinical significance

A 
1-expansion of atheroma
2-fibrosis and calcification (calcify and become brittle)
3-ulceration and thrombosis
4-aneurysmatic dilation
5-hemorrhage

CVPGI (14 decks)

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