1.9 - Tsunami Formation Flashcards
What causes a tsunami?
Underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
What happens when a tsunami reaches shallow waters?
Wave height increases and speed decreases.
What is the primary cause of tsunami waves?
Seafloor displacement from earthquakes.
What are the three main stages of a tsunami?
Generation, propagation, and inundation.
How can tsunami waves be detected early?
Using deep-sea buoys and seismic sensors.
What regions are most at risk for tsunamis?
Coastal areas along tectonic subduction zones.
How does a megathrust earthquake generate a tsunami?
By displacing large volumes of water.
What is backwash in tsunami terminology?
The water receding after the initial wave impact.
What natural signs can indicate an impending tsunami?
Sudden sea level drop and unusual animal behavior.
How do tsunami early warning systems work?
By detecting seismic activity and sea-level changes.
What is the effect of wave frequency on tsunami impacts?
Lower frequency waves can cause greater destruction inland.
What are the primary impacts of tsunamis?
Flooding, infrastructure destruction, and loss of life.
What was a significant tsunami event in recent history?
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
What measures can reduce tsunami risks?
Coastal defenses and emergency evacuation plans.
What type of plate boundary is associated with tsunamis?
Destructive plate boundaries.
What is swash in tsunami terminology?
The movement of water onto the shore after impact.
Why does wave amplitude grow before hitting land?
Due to friction with the seabed.
What is the most vulnerable area during a tsunami?
Low-lying coastal areas.
What is the purpose of tsunami evacuation drills?
To prepare communities for quick and safe evacuations.
How do engineers design tsunami-resistant buildings?
By using elevated structures and reinforced materials.
