1.12 - Earthquake Impacts Flashcards
What tectonic event led to the formation of the Himalayas?
The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.
What is the current uplift rate of the Himalayas?
Approximately 2 cm per year.
What natural hazards are associated with the Himalayas?
Earthquakes, landslides, and avalanches.
What is liquefaction?
When ground shaking causes sediment to behave like a liquid.
What are aftershocks?
Smaller earthquakes that follow the main shock.
What scale measures earthquake magnitude?
Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw).
What are the primary types of seismic waves?
P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves.
What is the primary cause of tsunamis?
Seafloor displacement from earthquakes.
How can earthquakes cause fires?
By rupturing gas and electricity lines.
What was a significant recent earthquake in the Himalayas?
The 2015 Nepal earthquake.
What are the social impacts of Himalayan earthquakes?
Loss of life, displacement, and health issues.
What mitigation strategies help in earthquake-prone regions?
Seismic building codes and emergency planning.
How do landslides occur during earthquakes?
Ground shaking destabilizes slopes.
What is the primary focus during post-earthquake response?
Search and rescue operations.
How does poverty affect earthquake vulnerability?
Poor infrastructure and lack of resources increase risk.
What are some key early warning systems for earthquakes?
Seismic sensors and mobile alert systems.
Why is structural reinforcement important?
It helps buildings withstand seismic activity.
What international organizations assist in disaster response?
The UN, Red Cross, and NGOs.
What can governments do to reduce earthquake risk?
Implement stricter building codes and public awareness campaigns.
How do earthquakes impact the economy?
They cause damage to infrastructure and disrupt businesses.
What geological processes continue to shape the Himalayas?
Continued continental collision and uplift.
What role does education play in earthquake preparedness?
Teaching communities how to respond to earthquakes.
What is the significance of the Mercalli scale?
It measures earthquake intensity based on observed effects.
What is a common secondary hazard after an earthquake?
Landslides and flooding.
