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WSET3 > 19. Loire Valley > Flashcards

19. Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

What is the production level from the regional AC for Loire Valley?

A

None. Unlike Bordeaux or Bourgogne, no regional AC exists in the Loire.

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2
Q

Rose de Loire AC is focused on what geographic area?

A

Anjou (producing a dry wine), not a Loire Valley regional AC

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3
Q

Cremant de Loire AC is focused on what geographic area?

A

Saumur, not a Loire Valley regional AC

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4
Q

Name the top 3 AC regions for wine production in France?

A

Bordeaux, Rhone, Loire

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5
Q

What are the major climatic influences for the Loire Valley?

A

1) maritime with proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, 2) continental near the eastern end of the wine area, 3) throughout the area, moderation is provided by the Loire river.

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6
Q

Name 3 important AC in the Central vineyards of the Loire Valley.

A

Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, Menetou-Salon

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7
Q

How long is the Loire River?

A

634 miles

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8
Q

What are the geographic borders of the Loire wine region?

A

north of Cognac region, South of Normandy, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of Bourgogne.

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9
Q

What is the climate of the Lower Loire?

A

cool maritime climate

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10
Q

What is the climate of the Middle Loire?

A

maritime climate with continental influences

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11
Q

What is the climate of the Upper Loire?

A

continental climate

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12
Q

What is the most desired vineyard orientation in the Loire Valley?

A

south-facing

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13
Q

What percent of Loire Valley wine produced is AOC category?

A

75% (compared to about 40 to 60% for all of France, depending on the vintage; and 100% for Bourgogne)

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14
Q

What was the first Loire AOC?

A

Quincy (Middle Loire)

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15
Q

Pays Nantais corresponds to which wine region?

A

Lower Loire

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16
Q

What is the primary component of topsoil in the Lower Loire? what is the primary characteristic of that soil?

A

gneiss, very porous [Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. It is foliated.]

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17
Q

What is the primary component of sub-soil in the Lower Loire?

A

crystalline igneous rock

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18
Q

How is the naming of the Muscadet AOC different from other French AOC’s?

A

Muscadet AOC is named after the grape’s local name, not a varietal or location.

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19
Q

What is the grape in Muscadet?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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20
Q

What is the grape used in the Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC?

A

Folle Blanche (known locally as Gros Plant), producing dry white wines, can be labeled “sur lies”

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21
Q

Where is Fiefs Vendeens AOC?

A

Lower Loire

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22
Q

What are the major grapes in Fiefs Vendeens AOC?

A

red: Gamay and Pinot Noir; white: Chenin Blanc

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23
Q

What is the main grape variety in Coteaux d’Ancenis Malvoisie AOC? Where is it located?

A

Pinot Gris, Lower Loire

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24
Q

What is the appellation responsible for 75% of all the AOC Muscadet bottled?

A

Muscadet-Sevre et Maine AOC

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25
Q

What are 3 sub-zones of Muscadet-Sevre et Maine AOC?

A

Clisson, Gorges, Le Pellet

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26
Q

Which Muscadet areas cannot put “sur-lie” on their label?

A

the three subzones of Muscadet-Sevre et Maine AOC cannot put “sur-lie” on their label which is ironic as they have longer sur-lie aging requirements

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27
Q

What are the tasting characteristics and soil composition of Muscadet-Sevre et Maine Clisson?

A

dried fruit (granitic gravel and galets)

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28
Q

What are the tasting characteristics and soil composition of Muscadet-Sevre et Maine Gorges?

A

minerality and a touch of smoke (clay soil rich in quartz with gabbros)

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29
Q

What are the tasting characteristics and soil composition of Muscadet-Sevre et Maine Le Pellet?

A

floral element (gneiss and gabbros)

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30
Q

What is gabbros?

A

a coursely-grained volcanic rock (found in Muscadet-Severe et Maine AOC, especially Gorges sub-zone)

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31
Q

Where is Le Jardin de la France?

A

Middle Loire (UNESCO world heritage site)

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32
Q

Name 10 Middle Loire AOC’s.

A

(loosely from west to east) Savennieres, Anjou, Bonnezeaux, Coteaux du Layon, Quarts de Chaume, Saumur, Bourgueil, Chinon, Vouvray, Touraine. [mnemonic: See A Beautiful Lion Quietly Sleeping BeCause Very Tired]

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33
Q

What is the major city around the wine region Anjou?

A

Angers

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34
Q

What is the major city around the wine region Touraine?

A

Tours

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35
Q

What is tuffeau?

A

tuffeau is a porous limestone which is found in the Loire Valley, especially Vouvray, Mountlouis and Amboise.

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36
Q

What is the more common name for the grape known locally in Loire Valley as Pineau de la Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

37
Q

What is the more common name for the grape known locally in Loire Valley as grape Breton?

A

Cabernet Franc

38
Q

What is the principal red grape of the Middle Loire?

A

Cabernet Franc

39
Q

What is the principal white grape of the Middle Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

40
Q

What is the principal difference between Rose de Loire AOC and Rose d’Anjou?

A

Rose de Loire is dry; Rose d’Anjou is off-dry with >= 0.7% RS.

41
Q

What is meaning of petillant?

A

meaning fizzy, a category of sparkling wine with half the pressure as cremant, about 1-2.5 atms

42
Q

What is meaning of mousseaux?

A

a value category of sparkling wine with at least 3 atm of pressure.

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Bourgueil AOC?

A

A Touraine region AOC making red and rose wine primarily from Cabernet Franc

44
Q

What are the important characteristics of Cheverny AOC?

A

Wine law mandates percentages of each grape variety planted (not bottled.) Whites are primarily Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris (not Chenin Blanc). Reds are primarily Pinot Noir (not Cabernet Franc).

45
Q

What are the important characteristic of Cour-Cheverny AOC?

A

dry white AOC located within Cheverny AOC, 100% Romorantoin

46
Q

What is a significant difference between wine produced from Cabernet Franc from Touraine from that from southern France?

A

Increased acidity allows serving at a cooler temperature.

47
Q

How far up the Loire Valley do the maritime influences on the climate extend?

A

To the City of Orleans.

48
Q

Who did Eleanor of Aquitane marry?

A

She first married King Louis VI of France, but the marriage was annulled after 15 years. She later married the Duke of Normandy, who became King Henry II of England. Three of her sons would become kings.

49
Q

Name the top 4 tourist destinations in France in order.

A

1) Paris, 2) Riviera, 3) Provence, 4) Loire Valley

50
Q

Gneiss and igneous/volcanic rock is found in what part of the Loire?

A

Pays Nantais

51
Q

What is the smallest geographic region of the Loire Valley?

A

Upper Loire is the smallest region.

52
Q

What is the largest geographic region of the Loire Valley?

A

Middle Loire is the largest region.

53
Q

Which AOC in Loire cannot make a cremant?

A

Vouvray AOC’s. This is relevant as Vouvray Mousseux and Vouvray Petillant are often good values due to their strict aging requirement.

54
Q

What are the sweetness labels for Vouvray?

A

Sec, Demi-Sec, Moelleux, Doux (up to 0.4, 1.2, 4.5% RS)

55
Q

What is the primary grape in white Touraine AOC wine?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

56
Q

What are the primary grapes in red Touraine AOC wine?

A

Cabernet Franc and Cot blends

57
Q

What is the primary grape in wine Touraine Primeur?

A

Gamay

58
Q

What are the characteristics of St-Nicolas de Bourgueil AOC?

A

made from Cabernet Franc with lighter body, less dense pigment, supple tannins; grown on warmer soils with a higher percentage of sand

59
Q

What wine has the highest minimum RS for any non-fortified dessert wine in France?

A

Quarts du Chaume, 8.5% RS, from Chenin Blanc

60
Q

What is the only “Grand Cru” of the Loire Valley?

A

Quarts du Chaume

61
Q

What is the primary grape in white Orleans AOC wine?

A

Chardonnay

62
Q

What is the primary grape in Pouilly-Sur-Loire AOC wine?

A

Chasselas (white)

63
Q

What color wine is made in Quincy AOC?

A

Only white

64
Q

What color wine is made in Savennieres AOC?

A

Only white

65
Q

What color wine is made in Sancerre AOC?

A

white, red, rose

66
Q

What is the primary red grape in Sancerre AOC wine?

A

Pinot Noir

67
Q

Name 5 Upper Loire Valley AOC’s where the Kimmeridgean Ring surfaces?

A

Menetou-Salon, Pouilly-sur-Loire, Quincy, Reuilly, Sancere [mnemonic: MnoPQRS, MQR is the most noticeable] N.B. not Pouilly-Fume.

68
Q

Name and describe 3 soil types that sit above Kimmeridgean limestone in the Upper Loire Valley?

A

Terres Blanches, marl rich in oysters; Caillottes, little limestone pellets; Silex, flint

69
Q

Why is Sauvignon Blanc well suited for Upper Loire Valley?

A

hardy to withstand and resistant to fungal disease which could be a problem in land of frost, ice, humidity and fog

70
Q

Which AOC is the single largest producer of Loire sparkling wines?

A

Saumur, Middle Loire

71
Q

What is the sweetness level of Rose de Loire AOC?

A

dry

72
Q

What is the sweetness level of Rose d’Anjou AOC?

A

off-dry

73
Q

What is the sweetness level of Cabernet d’Anjou AOC?

A

sweet

74
Q

What is sur-lie aging?

A

the process of keeping a wine on top of its dead yeast cells

75
Q

What is passerillage?

A

allowing grapes to shrivel on the vine to increase the concentration of sugar prior to winemaking

76
Q

What is remontage?

A

French term for the process of pulling out wine from underneath the cap of grape skins and then pumping it back over the cap in order to stimulate maceration.

77
Q

What is mutage?

A

French term for fortifying a wine by adding alcohol to the must either before fermentation (i.e. vin de liqueur) or during (i.e. vin doux naturel)

78
Q

Cot is a synonym for which grape?

A

Malbec

79
Q

What are the characteristics of Cotes d’Auvergne AOC?

A

Upper Loire Valley AOC with whites made of 100% Chardonnay. Reds and roses are >50% Gamay.

80
Q

What are the characteristics of Coteaux du Giennois AOC?

A

Upper Loire Valley AOC with whites made of 100% Sauvignon Blanc. Reds and roses are Gamay and Pinot Noir.

81
Q

What is the largest Loire Valley AOC?

A

Muscadet AOCs. This is a bit confusing as Muscadet is the principal AOC of the Lower Loire, but this area contains 4 AOCs of which the regional Muscadet AOC is not the largest in terms of production, the Muscadet-Severe et Maine AOC is.

82
Q

What is the meaning of “fines bulles” and what does it refer to?

A

fine bulles means fine bubbles and refers to the sparkling Loire wines

83
Q

Name a red grape that flowers and ripens early; resulting in fragrant and juicy wines with light tannins and high acidity.

A

Cabernet Franc

84
Q

Name a white grape that is generally neutral with green apple or grassy aromas. It ripens early and is frost resistant. Food-friendly.

A

Melon Blanc (Muscadet or Melon de Bourgogne)

85
Q

Name the two most famous vineyards of the eastern end of the Loire Valley.

A

Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume.

86
Q

What Upper (Central) Loire Valley AC makes no red wine?

A

Pouilly-Fume (Menetou-Salon and Sancerre do make some reds from Pinot Noir)

87
Q

Name 3 key Upper (Central) Loire Valley AC’s.

A

Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, Menetou-Salon

88
Q

Name a classic food-wine pairing from the Loire Valley?

A

seafood and Muscadet

WSET3 (56 decks)

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