16. Burgundy Flashcards
Bourgogne was an ancient trading site near which four rivers?
Saone, Loire, Rhone and Seine
When was Burgundia absorbed into the Frankish kingdom?
534 AD
When did Romans conquer the Celtic tribe in Burgundy?
52 BC
When were the first named vineyards of Burgundy established?
Clos de Beze in 630 and Corton in 775.
Name the 4 Dukes of Burgundy.
Philippe the Bold, John the Fearless, Philippe the Good, Charles the Bold (aka Charles Le Temeraire - Reckless) [mnemonic: PJPC]
What was the contribution of Philippe the Bold in wine?
outlawed Gamay (easier to grow than Pinot Noir)
What was the contribution of John the Fearless in wine?
fixed the Burgundy zone of production from Sens to Macon
What was the contribution of Philippe the Good in wine?
built the Hospices of Beaune, created good will for area of Borgogne
Why is Ladoix-Serrigny an exception to the Burgundy village naming scheme?
Ladoix and Serrigny are twin hamlets; Serrigny is not a vineyard.
What is a monopole?
a vineyard with a single proprietor
Why are Pommard, Meursalt and Volnay exceptions to the Burgundy village naming scheme?
They have no Grand Cru vineyards, so could not append a vineyard name to the village.
How has Burgundy wine style production changed from 1986 to today?
was 60% red, now 66% white with expansion of Chablis and Maconnais
What kind of training system was used in Burgundy after phylloxera replanting?
Guyot, one long cane and one short spur, trained low
What was the effect of the Napoleonic Code on Burgundy estates?
resulted in fractionalization of vineyards (did not occur in Bordeaux because of incorporation of estates and division by shares)
When was the first wine auction at Hospices de Beaune?
1859
What were the 3 main drivers of change in Burgundy in the 19th century?
a) French Revolution removed control of vineyards from church hands, b) Napoleonic Code resulted in fractionalization of vineyards, c) phylloxera decimation
What is the climate of Burgundy?
northern continental
Name the 2 primary grapes of Burgundy.
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Name 2 secondary grapes of Burgundy.
Aligote (w), Sauvignon Blanc (w)
Why is Nuits-Saint-Georges an exception to the Burgundy village naming scheme?
Les Saint Georges is a Premier Cru.
How many AOC’s are in Burgundy?
101, about 20% of the total number of French AOC’s.
What percent of French wine comes from Burgundy?
About 6%.
What are the primary and secondary flavors of Chardonnay?
Primary fruit flavors are apple and citrus; secondary aromas of butter, nuts, ginger, vanilla and nutmeg
What are the primary and secondary flavors of Pinot Noir?
Primary fruit flavors are cherry and strawberry; secondary aromas of earth, leather, violets, clove, cinnamon, sandalwood, smoke and truffles
What are the aromas of Aligote?
jasmine and vanilla, usually limited to two dimensions
Where are the oldest marine deposits located in Burgundy?
Macon.
Where are the youngest marine deposits located in Burgundy?
Chablis.
What are colluvial soils?
formed from rain-driven slope wash
What are alluvial soils?
deposited by river flow
What amount of rain and thickness of the topsoil is characteristic at the top of the slope?
thinnest topsoil, least amount of rain
What is the rating of vineyards at the top of the slope?
Premier Cru
In what section of the slope are located Grand Cur vineyards?
middle of the slope, still with thin slope
What amount of rain and thickness of the topsoil is characteristic at the bottom of the slope?
Most amount of rain and deepest soil, Village AOC’s.
What amount of rain and thickness of the topsoil is characteristic in the plain of Burgundy?
deep soils and ample water supply, wines with minimal distinction.
Chardonnay prefers what soils?
calcareous clayey soils on a limestone bedrock
Pinot Noir prefers what soils?
limy marl soils on a limestone bedrock
What percent of Burgundy wine is Grand Cru?
2%
How many Grand Crus are in Burgundy?
33
Why is Chablis an exception for Burgundy labels?
Chablis is always listed on the label along with the Grand Cru vineyard name.
What percent of Burgundy wine is Premier Cru?
10%
How many Premier Crus are in Burgundy?
635
At what levels of the wine quality pyramid are varietal nomenclature permitted?
Regional (bottom) only.
Does the name of the village appear on the label of Grand Cru wine in Bourgogne?
No (except for Chablis)
How many Premiers Crus AOCs are in Bourgogne?
None, they are included in the 44 Village AOC’s
Chablis and Grand Auxerrois belong to what department? what region?
Yvonne department in Bourgogne region
Cote d’Or belongs to what department? what region?
Cote d’Or department in Bourgogne region
Macon belongs to what department? what region?
Saone et Loire department in Bourgogne region
Cote Chalonnaise belongs to what department? what region?
Saone et Loire department in Bourgogne region
What are the 4 departments of Bourgogne region?
Saone et Loire, Cote d’Or, Yvonne, Nievre
Name two exceptions to the single-varietal rule in Borgogne.
Passe-tout-Grains AOC - predominantly Gamay blends; Cremant de Bourgogne AOC - sparking blends that can include any of the primary or secondary grapes of Bourgogne except Pinot Gris.
What is the predominant grape in Passe-tout-Grains AOC?
Gamay in this Bourgogne blend
What percent of Cote de Beaune wine production is white?
43%
How many Grands Crus are in Cote de Beaune?
8
How many red Grands Crus are in Cote de Beaune?
1, Corton which is both red and white
Which Cote de Beaune village has the most Premiers Crus?
Beaune, 42
Which Cote de Beaune village has the most Grands Crus?
Puligny-Montrachet, 4
What are the 3 Grands Crus of Chassagne-Montrachet?
Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet, Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Which Grand Cru of Chassagne-Montrachet is not shared with Puligny?
Criots-Batard-Montrachet
What are the 4 Grands Crus of Puligny-Montrachet?
Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet, Chevalier-Montrachet, Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
What is the southernmost appellation in Cotes de Beaune?
Maranges
What is the most fragmented of France’s important wine-growing districts?
Bourgogne, average domaine is 18.5 acres (WAW)
How common are monopoles in Bourgogne?
rare
How many regional AOCs are in Bourgogne?
24
How many village AOCs are in Bourgogne?
44
How many Grands Crus are in Chablis?
1 with 7 climats, all sharing a slope on a single hillside
Where is the Chatillonnaise located?
between Chablis and Dijon
What style of wine is most renown in Chatillonnaise AOC?
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC (also includes Sacy and Aligote)
Where is Cote Chalonnaise?
between Cote de Beaune and Macon
Name the principal villages of Cote Chalonnaise from North to South.
Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry, Montagny [mnemonic: Booze really makes guys mad. Name alert: Reuilly in Loire, not Gevrey in Cote de Nuits, not Bouzy in Champagne, not xxx-Montrachet)
What is the difference between Bouzy and Bouzeron?
Bouzeron is a village in Cote Chalonnase and Bouzy is a village in Champagne.
What is the difference between Aube and Aude?
Aube is a French department in the Champagne-Ardennes region of north-eastern France named after the Aube River and Aude is southernmost department of Languedoc.
What is the difference between Chatillonnaise and Cote Chalonnaise?
Chatillonnase is in northern Bourgogne and Cote Chalonnaise is in southern Bourgogne.
What is the difference between Rully and Reuilly?
Rully is a village in Cote Chalonnaise and Reuilly is an AOC in Loire.
What is the difference between Givry and Gevrey?
Givry is a village in Cote Chalonnaise and Gevrey is a village in Cote de Nuits
What is Santenay?
a southern village in Cote de Beaune known for red wine
What is the northernmost village of Cote de Beaune?
Ladoix-Serrigny
Name the 3 villages closest to Corton hill.
Ladoix-Serrigny, Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses
Where is Corton hill?
Northern aspect of Cote de Beaune.
Where is the Grand Cru Charlemagne?
within the Aloxe-Corton commune (northern Beaune)
Which village in Cote de Nuits produces red wines that are marked exception to the rule of firm structure?
Chambolle-Musigny, delicate and lacy
What percent of wine production in Cote de Nuits is red?
87%
How many Grand Crus are in Cote de Nuits?
24
How many white Grands Crus are in Cote de Nuits?
1, Musigny.
Which Cote de Nuits village is known for rose
Marsannay
Which Cote d’Or village has the most Grands Crus?
Gevrey-Chambertain, 9
What is the only Cote de Nuits Grand Cru that rests at the bottom of the slope?
Vougeot [mnemonic: Peugeot, bottom of the heap]
What is the etymologic origin of Cote d’Or
“golden slope” due to the yellowing of the vine leaves in the fall
Which vineyards in Chablis are associated with Kimmeridgean marl?
the Grand Cru and Premier Cru vineyards
Which vineyards in Chablis are associated with Portlandian marl?
vineyards of Chablis AOC and Petit Chablis
Who granted the villages rights to append the most famous vineyard name to the name of the village itself?
King Louis-Philippe (1847), Gevrey became Gevrey-Chambertain
For Morey Saint-Denis: Is Clos St. Denis the Grand Cru site in the village of Morey.
Yes.
When was the first official vineyard classification carry out?
1861
What are the four most important grapes of Burgundy?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Aligote, Gamay
What wine styles are allowed in Passe-tout-Grains?
red and rose
What is the minimum % of Pinot Noir (or Pinot Liebault)required in a Passe-tout-Grains?
33%
What % of Burgundy’s production is IGP?
0%, all Bourgogne wine is AOC
What is the most common type of soil found in the Chatillonais and Grand Auxerrois?
Portlandian marl
Name two communal AOC’s in Grand Auxerrois and the principal grapes from each.
Irancy AOC - Pinot Noir (can be blended with Cesar); Saint Bris AOC - Sauvignon Blanc
Name the Grand Cru AOCs in the Cote d’Or that allow for both red and white wine production.
Musigny (Cote de Nuits) and Corton (Cote de Beaune)
Are all the Grand Crus in the Cote de Beaune allowed to produce white wine?
yes, Corton is the only Grand Cru in the Cote de Beaune that is allowed for both red and white wine production.
What percent of Cote Chalonnaise wine production is white?
38%
What is the largest wine region within Bourgogne?
Maconnais
Name the only region in Burgundy where granite and schist are widely found.
Maconnais
What % of production in the Maconnais is regional level Macon AOC?
80%
Are acidification and chaptalization both allowed in Bourgogne?
Yes. However, you cannot do both to the same wine. (quizlet)
How many Grand Cru AOCs are found in the Cote d’Or?
- The 33rd Grand Cru is in Chablis.
Where is the Rock of Solutre?
Pouilly-Fuisse
What are the three bioherms that surround Pouilly-Fuisse?
Rock of Solutre, Rock of Vergisson, the Mont de Pouilly
What is the principal grape in Bouzeron?
Aligote (on the Cote Chalonnaise)
For each of the following Bourgogne villages, name the predominant wine style: Marsanny, Meursault, Mercurey, Montagny
Marsanny - rose, Meursault - white, Mercurey - red, Montagny - (only) white
What is the difference between Montagny and Musigny?
Montagny is the only 100% Chardonnay AOC in Cote Challonnaise. Musigny is the only white Grand Cru in Cote de Nuits
Name the 7 climats of Chablis Grand Cru AOC.
Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Blanchot, Les Preuses, Valmur, Vaudesir [mnemonic: forGiVaBLe ChaP]
What is the difference between Volnay and Vougeot?
Vougeot is a Cote de Nuits village with one Grand Cru, Volnay is a Cote de Beaune Village with no Grand Cru.
The Knights of Malta (1300’s) valued which wine above all others in Burgundy?
Volnay, made of Pinot Gris
What percent of Burgundy vineyard is Pinot Noir?
over a third
What percent of Burgundy vineyard is Chardonnay?
nearly half
What percent of Burgundy vineyard is Aligote?
5%
What percent of Burgundy vineyard is Gamay?
10%
Which variety is less prone to rot, Pinot Noir or Chardonnay?
Chardonnay, bunches are longer and less compact
What is the impact on viniculture from the cool falls and cold winters in Burgundy?
fermentation may stop if the musts are not warmed.
What is the difference between Chatillonnais and Cote Chalonnaise?
Chatillonnais is in the northernmost region of Burgundy, southeast of Chablis. It is know for quality Cremant de Bourgogne. Cote Chalonnaise is a Burgundian region south of Cote de Beaune.
What are the 5 main areas of Burgundy?
Chablis, Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune, Cote Chalonnaise, Macon
What is the tasting profile of the best aged Chablis?
extraordinary smoky complex aromas with a long mouth watering finish due to high acid.
Name 4 key villages from Cote de Nuits.
(from north to south) Gevrey Chambertin, Vougeot, Vosne-Romanee, Nuits-Saint-Georges
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Gevrey Chambertain?
Chambertain AC, Chambertain Clos de Beze AC
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Vougeot?
Clos de Vougeot AC
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Vosne-Romanee?
Romanee-Conti AC, La Tache AC, La Romanee AC
Name 7 key villages from Cote de Beaune.
Aloxe-Corton, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault, Puligny-Montrachet, Chassagne-Montrachet
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Aloxe-Corton?
Corton AC, Corton-Charlemagne AC,
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Puligny-Montrachet?
Le Montrachet
Name the most famous Grand Crus sites from Chassagne-Montrachet?
Le Montrachet
Which key Cote de Beaune village produces only red wine?
Volnay (FWS says Pommard as well.)
Where is the village Chardonnay?
in Macon
Name 4 key communal appellations in the Macon.
Pouilly-Fuisse AC, Vire-Clesse AC, Saint-Veran AC, Pouilly-Vinzelles AC
Which has hotter summer, Bordeaux or Burgundy?
Burgundy.
Which has colder winter, Bordeaux or Burgundy?
Burgundy
Which has more annual rainfall, Bordeaux or Burgundy?
Bordeaux
Name 3 viticultural hazards in Burgundy
spring frosts (especially Chablis,) summer hail, summer grey rot
What is the grape in white Macon AC?
Chardonnay
What is the grape in red Macon AC?
Pinot Noir or Gamay
Compare winter temperature, summer temperature and rainfall for Burgundy and Bordeaux.
Burgundy is hotter, colder and drier.
What is the density of plantings in Burgundy?
very dense (up to 12,000 plants to the hectare)
What is the length of barrel ageing for Burgundian reds?
16-18 months
What is the length of barrel ageing for Burgundian whites?
6-9 months
What is the dominant color grape grown in Rully?
white
What is the wine traditionally used for Kir?
Bourgogne Aligote
