18. Structure and function of Digestive system Flashcards
What is A?
Anus
What is mechanical digestion?
To breakdown food through chewing, swallowing and muscular movements.
It physicallybreaks down foods into smaller pieces, increasing their surface area, without changing the chemical structure/composition
What type of digestion is chewing?
Mechanical
What is chemical digestion?
To breakdown food in the mouth, stomach, and intestines through the use of acids and enzymes.
The chemical structure of the molecule is changed
What type of digestion involves ezymes?
Chemical
What is the function of the mouth?
To mechanically (teeth) and chemically (saliva) to breakdown food
What is the function of the oesophagus?
To transports food bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
What is the function of the stomach?
To mechanically (churning of food through muscle contractions) and chemically breakdown (through activating enzymes eh. HCL)
What is the function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients into bloodstream
What is the function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and ions
To form and propel faeces
What is the function of the rectum?
To store faeces
What is the function of the anus?
To transport/provide pathway faeces out of the body
What are the functions of the salivary glands?
To lubricate food to make it easier to move through digestive system
To chemically digest foods enzymes
To destroy ingested pathogens (Non-specific immune defence)
What are the functions of the pancreas?
To regulate of blood sugar levels (hormones)
To produce and release enzymes for digestion
What are the functions of the liver?
To secrete bile
To metabolise fats, carbohydrates and proteins
What is the function of the gall bladder?
To store, concentrate and release bile
What is B?
Duodenum
What stores, concentrates and releases bile
Gall Bladder
What secretes bile, metabolise fats, carbohydrates and proteins
Liver
What regulates of blood sugar levels (hormones)
What produces and releases enzymes for digestion
Pancreas
What lubricates food to make it easier to move through digestive system, chemically digest foods and produces enzymes
to destroy ingested pathogens (Non-specific immune defence)
Salivary glands
What transports/provides a pathway for faeces to go out of the body
Anus
What stores faeces
Rectum
What absorbs water and ions and forms and propel faeces
Large intestine
What absorbs nutrients into bloodstream
Small intestine
What is the first part of the small intestine
Duodenum
What is the middle part of the small intestine
Jejunum
What is the terminal part of the small intestine
Ileum
What mechanically and chemically performs digestion (churning of food through muscle contractions and through activating enzymes eh. HCL)
Stomach
What transports food bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
Oesophagus
What is C?
Jejunum
What is D?
Ileum
What is E?
Large intestine
What is F?
Rectum
What is G?
Gall Bladder
What is F?
Liver
What is C?
Stomach
What is D?
Pancreas
Where is pepsin produced and what does it breakdown?
Produced = Stomach
Breaksdown = Proteins
What ezyme is produced in the stomach and breaksdown proteins?
Pepsin
Where is secretin produced and what does it breakdown?
Produced = Duodenum
Function = regulate gastric acid
What ezyme is produced in the duodenum and regulates gastric acid?
Secretin
What ezyme is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands and breaksdown starch?
Amylase
Where is amylase produced and what does it do?
Produced = pancreas and salivary glands breaksdown = starch
Where is lipase produced and what does it do?
Produced = pancreas
breaksdown = fats/lipids
What ezyme is produced by the pancreas and
breaksdowns fats/lipids
Lipase
What ezyme is produced by the pancreas and
breaksdowns proteins
Trypsin
Where is trypsin produced and what does it do?
produced =pancreas
breaksdowns = proteins
