15a. Immune system Flashcards
What are leukocytes
White blood cells
General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens
Lymphoctyes
What are lymphoctyes
General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens
What are T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)
Cytotoxic T cells
What are cytotoxic T cells
T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)
What are phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response
Macrophage
What are macrophages
Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response
What type of immunity is it when antibodies are produced WITHIN the person
Active immunity
What is active immunity
Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person
What is passive immunity
Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body
What type of immunity is it when antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body
Passive immunity
What are cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived called
B memory cells
What are B memory cells
Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived
Describe the first line of defence
non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body
What line of defence is non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body
First line of defence
Describe the 2nd line of defence
non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen
What line of defence is non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen
2nd line of defence
Describe the 3rd line of defence
Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.
What line of defence is adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.
3rd line of defence
