15a. Immune system

Question 1

What are leukocytes

Answer 1

White blood cells

Question 2

General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens

Answer 2

Lymphoctyes

Question 3

What are lymphoctyes

Answer 3

General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens

Question 4

What are T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)

Answer 4

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

What are cytotoxic T cells

Answer 5

T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)

Question 6

What are phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
 acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response

Answer 6

Macrophage

Question 7

What are macrophages

Answer 7

Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
 acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response

Question 8

What type of immunity is it when antibodies are produced WITHIN the person

Answer 8

Active immunity

Question 9

What is active immunity

Answer 9

Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person

Question 10

What is passive immunity

Answer 10

Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body

Question 11

What type of immunity is it when antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body

Answer 11

Passive immunity

Question 12

What are cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived called

Answer 12

B memory cells

Question 13

What are B memory cells

Answer 13

Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived

Question 14

Describe the first line of defence

Answer 14

non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body

Question 15

What line of defence is non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body

Answer 15

First line of defence

Question 16

Describe the 2nd line of defence

Answer 16

non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen

Question 17

What line of defence is non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen

Answer 17

2nd line of defence

Question 18

Describe the 3rd line of defence

Answer 18

Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.

Question 19

What line of defence is adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.

Answer 19

3rd line of defence