18. Legionella & Neisseria Flashcards
What kind of bacteria is Legionella?
- gram -ve rods
How is Legionella detected?
Urine Antigen detection
Legionella is transmitted via ______ & is commonly found where?
- transmitted via water
commonly found in:
- domestic water system: shower heads (not in domestic aircon)
- machines filled w tap water: dental water unit lines, water cooling towers, water sprinklers, industrial aircon
What ABs are given to treat Legionella?
- Macrolides
- Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin - Fluoroquinolones
- Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
=> ABs that can enter macrophages
Legionella often causes _________, esp in the elderly.
Often causes pneumonia (L. pneumophila)
- lung infection
What kind of bacteria is Neisseria
Gram -ve diplococci.
- double round beans => look like coffee bean
- gram -ve => thin peptidoglycan layer, stains pink w red saffranin dye
What are the 2 pathogenic species of Neisseria?
- N. meningitidis (Meningococcus)
- N. gonnorhoea
- other neisseria species are usually commensal & non-pathogenic in the oropharynx
How is N. meningitidis transmitted?
Via respiratory droplets, close contact, kissing
How is N. gonorrhoea detected?
Throat swab
[T/F] Infection w N. gonorrhoea can be asymptomatic.
True.
- early infection is asymptomatic in 10% men & 80-90% women
How does N. gonorrhoea show up (symptoms)
- green/yellow penile/vaginal discharge
- painful urination
- women: bleeding between periods
- men: swollen penis
- oropharyngeal/rectal/eye infection
Treatment for N. Meningococcemia/ Meningitis.
- Ceftriazone 2. Meropenem
Treatment for N. Gonococcal infection.
- ceftriaxone 250mg IM & Azithromycin 1g
- fluoroquinolones no longer reccommended due to high resistance rates about 90%
