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Y2 MicroB > 11. Human Herpesvirus > Flashcards

11. Human Herpesvirus Flashcards

1
Q

HHV 1 & 2 (aka herpes simplex virus/HSV) remain latent in the..

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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2
Q

HHV3 is also known as..

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
Aka Chicken Pox / Shingles

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3
Q

Chicken pox remains latent in the..

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

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4
Q

HHV3 remains dormant in the..

A

Dorsal Root Ganglia

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5
Q

What is the nucleic structure of Herpesviruses?

A

dsDNA
- encapsulated in a capsid and envelope
- has viral glycoproteins inserted on envelope surface

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6
Q

How do human herpesvirus replicate?

A
  • via DNA polymerase (target of antiviral drugs!!)
  • they integrate into the host cell DNA n get translate tgt
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7
Q

HHV4 is otherwise known as..

A

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

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8
Q

HHV8 is responsible for..

A

Kaposi Sarcoma (pigmented tumours in mouth & other sites)
- HHV8 is an oncovirus (cancer causing virus)

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of HHV 6 & 7?

A

Childhood rash

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10
Q

How long does it take for the Chicken pox to appear as a rash upon infection?

A

Roughly 2 weeks (10-21days)
- called vesicular rash

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11
Q

List out the Human Herpesviruses.

A

HHV1 & 2 => HSV-1 & HSV-2
HHV3 => Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
HHV4 => Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
HHV5 => Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
HHV6 & 7 => childhood rash
HHV8 => Kaposi Sarcoma

Alpha: 1,2,3
Beta: 5,6,7
Gamma: 4,8

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12
Q

Where do alpha HHVs stay latent in?

A

Sensory Neurons

HSVs stay latent in trigeminal ganglia
VZV stays latent in dorsal root ganglia

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13
Q

Where do beta HHVs stay latent in?

A

WBCs

HHV6 & 7 stay latent in T cells

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14
Q

Where do gamma HHVs stay latent in ?

A

Lymphocytes

HHV4 immortalises/latent in B cells
Immortalises B cells => tumour/cancer

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15
Q

What drug should not be given in a chickenpox patient?

A

Aspirin
- can cause Reye’s syndrome (liver affected, buildup of ammonia)

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16
Q

Human Herpesvirus infections can be..

A
  1. Lytic
  2. Persistent
  3. Latent
  4. Immortalizing (EBV)
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17
Q

HSV lesions tend to appear in what region?

A

Oral & Genital mucosa

Mostly,
HSV-1 ‘above the waist’ => oral
HSV-2 ‘below the waist’ => genital
- but both can cause lesions on both areas (overlap)

18
Q

HSV is lytic in the _______ and latent in the ___________.

A

Lytic in mucoepithelial cells
Latent in neurons (Trigeminal ganglia)

19
Q

List the clinical syndromes of HSV:

A
  1. Mucocutaneous: gingivostomatitis, cold sores
  2. Herpetic keratitis (eye): small branching epithelial dendrites on cornea surface
  3. Herpetic whitlow: blisters/sores on finger (nurses, physicians, dentists)
  4. Genital herpes
  5. Herpes encephalitis: inflammation of brain due to HSV
  6. Neontal herpes
20
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of HSV thru?

A
  1. Tzanck smear, immunofluorescence on clinical sample
  2. Virus isolation
  3. PCR
  4. Serology not so useful
21
Q

How can HSV be treated?

A

Acyclovir (n later derivatives: valacyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir)
- phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase activates the drug, prevents elongation of viral DNA synthesis

22
Q

Who is most susceptible to VZV?

A

In decreasing severity:
1. Immunocompromised
2. Newborns
3. Elderly
4. Adults
5. Children

  • elderly n immunosuppressed are most at risk of recurrence (zoster/shingles)
23
Q

How is VZV prevented?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

24
Q

Treatment for VZV?

A

Acyclovir

25
Q

What cells do EBV infect?

A

Infects B lymphocytes & immortalizes them

26
Q

EBV causes..

A
  1. Asymptomatic shedding
  2. Pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis (spectrum of disease)
  3. African Burkitt’s lymphoma (rare but highly aggressive (fast-growing) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL))
  4. Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer that affects lymphatic system)
  5. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  6. EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease in 1. post-transplant 2. HIV
27
Q

Lab diagnosis of EBV infection

A
  1. Serology
  2. EBV PCR in lymphoproliferative disease
  3. Histology
28
Q

Treatment for EBV:

A
  • no effective treatment or vaccine
  • acyclovir doesnt work well for EBV
29
Q

How is HHV8 transmitted?

A

Sexually transmitted

30
Q

HHV6&7 stays latent in the..

A

T cells

31
Q

Most adults carry ________ in its latent form, transmission is very common at _____%

A

Cytomegalovirus, 40-90% transmission

32
Q

Treatment for CMV:

A

Ganiciclovir, Foscarnet, Cidofovir

33
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is related to?

A

EBV

34
Q

What most commonly causes post-transplant organ rejection and fatal pneumonia?

A

CMV
- cuz too many immuno-suppressive drugs, patient comes down w CMV

35
Q

Postherpetic neuralgia can come about due to?

A

Recurrent Zoster/Shingles

  • pain usually goes away in 1-3 months
  • cuz nerve fibres get damaged during the shingles outbreak
36
Q

EBV is found in..

A

Found in saliva

37
Q

EBV is reactivated when..

A

B cell is activated

38
Q

What is asymptomatic shedding?

A

Asymptomatic shedding occurs when the herpes virus is present on the skin but no visible symptoms develop. The virus “sheds’’ from the skin and can be spread to others.

39
Q

Which herpes virus stays latent in 90% of adult population

A

CMV
(& EBV too actually)

40
Q

What pathogen is responsible for Oral Hairy Leukoplakia?

A

EBV

Y2 MicroB (25 decks)

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