18. Leadership, management and supervision Flashcards
Define leadership.
Define management.
Define supervision.
Leadership is personal influence directed towards achievement.
Management is the use of resources to achieve business objectives.
Supervision is the responsibility and control of anothers work.
Define authority.
Define responsibility.
Authority is the right to give orders and the power to instruct obedience.
Responsibility is the liability of being held accountable for ones own actions.
What are the five types of power?
Who suggested this?
EXTRA: what are the additional two types of power
FRENCH AND RAVEN
- Legitimate power
- Expert power
- Referent power
- Reward power
- Coercive power
- Resource power
- Negative power
What are the two classical theories for management? Explain them.
HINT: 1 (5), 2 (4)
FAYOL: 5 theories of management: - planning - organising - commanding - controlling -coordinating
TAYLOR: SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT one best way to complete a task. - planning (to maximise efficiency) - staff being scientifically managed - managers make key decisions - work divided equally.
What are the three criticisms of Taylors model?
- employees not only financially motivated
- employees should be included in making decisions
- not always one best way to complete a task
What is the human relations model?
Who came up with this?
MAYO:
- employee behaviour and productivity is dependent on work relations
- wages not only motivation
Who are the two modern theorists for theories of management? Explain the first (the smaller one…)
DRUCKER and MINTZBERG
DRUCKER:
- set objectives
- organise
- motivate and communicate
- establish yardsticks
- develop people
Explain Mintzbergs ten skills of the manager
INTERPERSONAL: - figurehead - leadership - liaison INFORMATIONAL: - monitor - disseminator - spokesperson DECISIONAL: - entrepreneur - disturbance handler - resource allocater - negotiator
What are the two types of theories of leadership?
Which has been discredited - why?
Trait and style.
Trait has been discredited: leaders are not born, they are made.
What is the managerial grid?
Who invented it?
What two variables does it measure?
What are its outcomes? (5)
Blake and Mouton
A graph that measures the concern for production (X) and the concern for people (Y)
1.1 Management impoverished: no effort in either area
1.9 Country club management: thoughtful but unproductive
9.1 Task management: productive but thoughtful
5.5 Middle management
9.9 Team management
Benefits and drawbacks of the managerial grid (3+ 2-)
+ can identify management faults
+ application to appraisals
+ managers can see how they are viewed by coworkers
- categorised into two dimensions
- assumes team management ideal in all industries
____________ Management College identified four main management styles. What are they?
Ashridge
- tells (autocratic)
- sells (persuasive)
- consults (participative)
- joins (democratic)
Who are the five theorists within contingency theories?
Adair Fiedler Bennis Kotter Heifetz
Adairs theory is called?
It’s components are? (3)
Action-centred leadership
- individual needs
- group needs
- task needs
Fiedlers theory consists of which two managers? How can they be categorised? (3 each)
Which is best? This is dependent on… (3)
Psychologically distant managers (PDMs)
- formal relationships
- withdrawn from relationships
- task orientate
Psychologically close managers (PCMs)
- informal relationships
- informal contact
- person orientated
Dependent on…
- existing relationship
- power
- task definition
