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Biology > 18. Gene Expression > Flashcards

18. Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

Nuclei can acid transmit and help EXPRESS hereditary info. What express??

A

It means DNA =transcribed and translated to production of protein

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2
Q

Enzyme that initiates transcription is

A

RNA polymerase

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3
Q

Enzyme catalysed synthesis of new DNA molecule

A

DNA polymerase

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4
Q

Assembly of transcription factors on promoter begins some 25 nucleotides upstream where it binds to start a WHAT sequence

A

TATA

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5
Q

In order for gene to be transcribed RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind the genes

A

Promoter

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6
Q

Eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are protected from modification by

A

5’ caps

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7
Q

Process of WHAT cuts introns from primary transcript and The final processed mRNA is produced

A

RNA splicing

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8
Q

Are genes composed of extra segments (of non essential material) called expand??

A

NOO

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9
Q

tRNA a function

A

Pick up fee amino acids in cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is transcription?

A

The making of RNA from DNA

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11
Q

What is translation?

A

The making of PROTEIN from RNA

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12
Q

State cellular compartment where transcription and translation take place in

A

PRO CELL: cytoplasm = transcription+ translation

EUKARYOTIC:

  1. Nucleus=transcription +RNA processing /splicing
  2. CYTOPLASM= translation
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13
Q

mRNA

A
  1. Is transcribed from DNA segment and gene

2. CARRIES msg of gene to RIBOSOME for translation

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14
Q

RRNA

A

part of ribosomes

1. The site that TRANSLATES the mRNA INTO PROTEIN SEQUENCE

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15
Q

TRNA

A

Carries INDIVIDUAL AMINO ACIDS into

Ribosomes for synthesising a protein

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16
Q

Which strand of DNA = used as TEMPLATES for making mRNA transcript???

A

Template strand 3’-5’

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17
Q

Understand reason why non template strand is known as coding strand

A

Coding strand contains codons.
Template contains anticodons.

Coding strand= DNA strand that has SAME BASE SEQUENCE as RNA transcript Provided ( however t replace u)

18
Q

Write mRNA SEQUENCE when DNA sequence is provided
3’-5’: ACCAAACC (CODING STRAND)
5’-3’:TGGTTTGG (TEMPLATE STRAND)

A

mRNA

  1. Copy template strand of DNA
  2. Change t to u

5’-3’: UGGUUUGG

19
Q

How many nucleotide bases for 1 amino acid??

A

3 nucleotide bases in DNA code for 1 amino acid ( TRIPLET CODE)

20
Q

What is maximum possible number of amino acids that can be formed?

A

64 ( more than enough to code 20 amino acids! Of

21
Q

Which could don is always the start codon?

A

AUG

22
Q

What does DEGENERATE mean

A

Feature of genetic code.When there is more than one possible codon for one particular amino acid.

23
Q

Genetic changes de is universal. Define..

A

All organisms can use ACTG in gene expression

24
Q

Understand concept of reading frame

A

Reading fram= est. frm 1st codon, determines the reading of all subsequent codons. Occurs w/o punctuation and overlapping.

Read each triplet code

25
Q

What is functional role of promoter in transcription ??

A

RNA polymerase binds to promoter

26
Q

What does (+1) in the start site mean???

A

Means this is the first BASE to be transcribed

27
Q

There are 6- base sequences common to PROKARYOTIC promoters. One is located at -35 and at -10. What does -35 and -19 mean??

A

Means they are located 10&35 nucleotide bases upstream of the site

28
Q

We understand that first nucleotide to be transcribed is at (+1) position. However where does DNA become unwond???

A

At the -10 site

29
Q

What is the synthesis direction of RNA?

A

From 5’-3’ direction as ribonucleotides are added to growing RNA chain

30
Q

What are common terminated sequences?

A

A series of GC base pairs followed by at Base pairs

31
Q

What would base pairs of terminator sequence (GC Followed by AT base pairs) form?

A

A double strand structure called a hair pin

32
Q

PROKARYOTIC transcription and translation can always occur at same time but not in ecell gene expressi n. Whyyy

A

B/c the two processes occur in diff places in E CELL
NUCLEUS- transcription and splicing
CYTO: Translation

33
Q

What are two unique features of promoter in eukaryotic cell structure??

A
  1. Includes a TATA box( nucleotide sequence w/ TATAR about 25 nucleotides upstream from transcription starting point.
  2. E PROMOTER& RNA POLYMERASE INITIATION OF TRANSCRIPTION- Require series of transcription factor
34
Q

Pre MRNA has two ends

A
  1. 5’ cap

2. Poly A tail

35
Q

MATURE RNA has 4 ends

A
  1. 5’ Cap
  2. 5’ UTR
  3. 3’ UTR
  4. Poly A tail
36
Q

Define UTR

A

Untranslated region (5 & 3’ UTR) in mature RNA to regulate translation activity

37
Q

What is process that modifies eukaryotic mRNA transcripts??

A

RNA splicing

38
Q

Splisosomes are req for modifying the mRNA transcripts. What do enzyme do they contain?? State 2 function they perform

A

Ribozymes which catalysed :

  1. Cutting of INTRONS on pre mRN
  2. Splicing together of EXTRONSk releasing introns for rapid degradation
39
Q

Where dos translation take place??

A

Right in cytoplasm

40
Q

Advantage of having translation of poly ribosomes

A

Enhance speed of translation

41
Q

State where post translational ,doi fixation take place in cell

A

Golgi apparatus

42
Q

Using glycoproteins as an example describe what post translational modification has done

A

Glycoproteins, add glucose to protein

Biology (25 decks)

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