1.7 Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

detection of stimuli through 1 of 5 senses

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Organize and interpret sensory info. Begins when message reaches the brain

Question 3

absolute threshold

Answer 3

smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected

Question 4

just noticeable difference (JND)

Answer 4

smallest amount of change that can be detected

Question 5

subliminal perception

Answer 5

ability to detect information below a conscious level of awareness

Question 6

sensory adaptation

Answer 6

we adapt to constant stimulus so we don’t feel it anymore

Question 7

Sclera

Answer 7

white part of eye. Doesn’t help to see.

Question 8

Cornea

Answer 8

clear membrane on outer part of eye. Focuses light by bending. 2/3 of focusing in eye.

Question 9

Aqueous Humor

Answer 9

provides nutrients to common cells

Question 10

Iris

Answer 10

colored muscle

Question 11

Pupil

Answer 11

hole in the iris

Question 12

Lens

Answer 12

transparent sphere behind iris. Does 1/3 of focusing.

Question 13

Ciliary muscles

Answer 13

allows lens to change shape

Question 14

Retina

Answer 14

layer of photoreceptors that transforms light into sensory information.

Question 15

Rods

Answer 15

Black/white retina, night vision

Question 16

Cones

Answer 16

color retina

Question 17

Fovea

Answer 17

part of retina with clearest vision

Question 18

Optic nerve

Answer 18

bundle of neurons that carries sensory neurons away from the eye.

Question 19

Optic Disk

Answer 19

place where optic nerve connects to the back of the eye. Causes blind spot

Question 20

Blind spot

Answer 20

part where light bits the optic disk, can’t see there. Brain autofills it in.

Question 21

Myopia

Answer 21

eye too long, nearsighted

Question 22

Hyperopia

Answer 22

eye too tall, farsighted

Question 23

astigmatism

Answer 23

occurs when cornea is irregularly shaped, multiple focus points cause blurry vision

Question 24

decreased light transmission

Answer 24

caused by injury, scar tissue, infections, allergic reactions

Question 25

cataracts

Answer 25

lens clouds with age, cataracts surgery replaces it with an artificial one.

Question 26

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 26

excess glucose damages blood vessels in retina

Question 27

Macular degeneration

Answer 27

center of vision damaged people look at you in periphery

Question 28

Glaucoma

Answer 28

slowing of drainage of aqueous humor. Pressure increases, cells on optic nerve start dying, starts to lose peripheral vision

Question 29

Color Blindness

Answer 29

cones work in pairs, most common pair to fail is RG

Question 30

effects on lens in old age

Answer 30

turns yellow from cataracts, grows thicker

Question 31

effects on ciliary muscles in old age

Answer 31

grow stiffer, presbyopia, distance accommodation gets slower

Question 32

presbyopia

Answer 32

can’t focus on close things

Question 33

Distance accommodation

Answer 33

ability to shift between near and far things

Question 34

vitreous humor

Answer 34

indissoluble proteins in the eye