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A-Level History > Germany: Bismarck > Flashcards

Germany: Bismarck Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Reichstag’s role?

A

Agree/reject laws and control over the budget

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2
Q

What couldn’t the Reichstag do?

A

Couldn’t remove the Kaiser or the govt

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3
Q

What was the role of the Kaiser?

A

Could dissolve Reichstag, and controlled army

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4
Q

Who was the electorate?

A

Men over 25

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5
Q

What was the Bundesrat?

A

58 members nominated by state assemblies: 17 from Prussia, 6 from Bavaria and smaller states had just 1 each

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6
Q

What was the Bundesrat’s job role?

A

Could veto legislation passed by Reichstag

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7
Q

What party were Prussian landowners in?

A

German Conservative Party

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8
Q

What party were landowners and industrialists in?

A

Free conservatives

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9
Q

How many royal rulers were in the newly unified Germany?

A

22

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10
Q

What fraction of the German population was Catholic?

A

1/3

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11
Q

How frequent were Reichstag elections?

A

Every 5 years

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12
Q

When was a single German flag created?

A

1892

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13
Q

What 4 states made up the army?

A

Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony and Württemberg

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14
Q

What did the 3 class system mean?

A

Junkers votes were worth 3x than normal votes

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15
Q

The lowest taxpayers represented what % of the population?

A

85%

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16
Q

How did Bismarck try to limit the Reichstag’s power?

A
  • members weren’t paid
  • couldn’t initiate legislation
  • Bundesrat
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17
Q

How did the Reichstag remain powerful?

A

Could control the budget and had parliamentary immunity

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18
Q

Place parties in order from left to right

A

SAPD Z party National Liberals National Groups DVP DKP

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19
Q

How long did conscription mean all men served for?

A

2-3 years

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20
Q

Bismarck presented a law that said an army with over 400,000 men would what and when?

A

Would automatically be financed by federal expenditure in 1874

21
Q

What % of federal expenditure was spent on the army?

A

80%

22
Q

How long were military budgets fixed for at a time?

A

7 years

23
Q

When did the National Liberals split

A

August 1880

24
Q

What are the benefits of Bismarck’s split with the National Liberals?

A

Pushed the national liberals into an even more conservative outlook

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of Bismarck’s split of the National Liberals?

A
  • Z party grew in size
  • 2 largest parties were opposed to B
  • Lost power over Reichstag
26
Q

Kulturkampf

What was the aim of the Centre Party?

A

Sought to protect Catholic rights in 1871

27
Q

Kulturkampf

Why was Bismarck suspicious of Catholics?

A

Most had sided with Austria against Prussia in 1866 war + non-Catholic minorities joined the centre party

28
Q

Kulturkampf

What law and when introduced a range of laws establishing state control over the Catholic Church?

A

1873 Prussia May Laws

29
Q

What is the Bread-Basket Law?

A

Withdrew financial support from any priest who didn’t publically declare his support for the german state

30
Q

By what year had 1800 priests been jailed or exiled?

A

1879

31
Q

Kulturkampf

The German state seized church property worth how many Reichsmarks?

A

16 million

32
Q

Kulturkampf

This only increased support of Z party.

By 1878, how many votes did they have?

A

Same share of the vote as the National Liberals

33
Q

Kulturkampf

Why did the Kulturkampf end?

A
  • B needed Z party support
  • Change in pope who was more willing to talk
  • Prussia + royals opposed it
34
Q

When was the national holiday of Sedantag introduced?

A

1870 after Battle of Sedan

35
Q

What was taught at schools?

A

The Reichsdeutsche identity and nationalism

36
Q

In the late 1879s, what did Bismarck do to foreign Poles and Jews?

A

Expel them from Germany and used education + military to enforce German identity on minority groups

37
Q

How did Bismarck declare socialism was a threat to Germany?

A

The 2 assassination attempts on Wilhelm I to 1878

38
Q

What did Bismarck do after declaring socialism a threat?

A

Dissolve the Reichstag, resulting in reduced votes of National Liberals and SAPD

39
Q

When did Bismarck pass the anti-socialist legislation that gave police power to randomly search, arrest and exile socialist politicians?

A

October 1878

40
Q

Between 1878-90 how many socialists were imprisoned?

A

1500

41
Q

By 1890 how many votes did the SPD have and how many seats in the Reichstag?

A

1 million votes and 35 seats

42
Q

The War in Sight Crisis

How did it seem France were preparing for war?

A

Had 800,000 trained men - an increase of 80,000 - and increased French infantry battalions from 3 to 4

43
Q

The War in Sight Crisis

In what newspaper and when was an article published suggesting the German govt believed a war was in sight?

A

The Berlin Post - 9th April 1875

44
Q

The War in Sight Crisis

What caused Bismarck to back down from a possible war?

A

Talks with Russia and Britain

45
Q

The War in Sight Crisis

Why did Bismarck feel humiliated?

A

Discussions between the Tsar and Kaiser had determined German policy, which he’d been excluded from

46
Q

The War in Sight Crisis

What was weakened by poor relations between Germany and Russia?

A

The Three Emperors League between Austro-Hungary, Germany and Russia in 1873

47
Q

How many seats did the Catholic party have?

A

58

48
Q

In 1871, what % of votes did the Z party have?

A

18.6%

A-Level History (15 decks)

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