15.5 KHURANA PTOSIS Flashcards
PTOSIS
It is associated with congenital weakness (maldevelopment) of the ______
- levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)
- superior rectus (SR)
levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)
Depending upon the cause it can be neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic or mechanical.
- Congenital ptosis
- Acquired ptosis
Acquired ptosis
It is associated with weakness (maldevelopment) of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS).
- Congenital ptosis
- Acquired ptosis
Congenital ptosis
It is caused by innervational defects such as: (1 answer)
- Third nerve palsy
- Horner’s syndrome
- Ophthalmoplegic migraine, and
- Multiple sclerosis
- Neurogenic ptosis
- Acquired myogenic ptosis
Neurogenic ptosis
It occurs due to acquired disorders of the LPS muscle or of the myoneural junction.
- Neurogenic ptosis
- Acquired myogenic ptosis
Acquired myogenic ptosis
It develops due to defects of the levator aponeurosis in the presence of a normal functioning muscle.
- Aponeurotic ptosis
- Mechanical ptosis
Aponeurotic ptosis
It may result due to excessive weight on the upper lid as seen in patients with lid tumours, multiple chalazia and lid oedema.
- Aponeurotic ptosis
- Mechanical ptosis
Mechanical ptosis
Ptosis is graded depending upon its amount as:
• Mild ptosis : ___ mm
• Moderate ptosis : ____ mm
• Severe ptosis : ____ mm
- Mild ptosis : 2 mm
- Moderate ptosis : 3 mm
- Severe ptosis : 4 mm
refers to the distance between the upper lid margins and corneal light reflex (of a pen torch held in front, on which patient is looking).
- Margin reflex distance (MRD)
- Assessment of levator function
- Measurement of amount (degree) of ptosis
Margin reflex distance (MRD)
In unilateral cases, difference between the vertical height of the palpebral fissures of the two sides indicates the degree of ptosis
- Margin reflex distance (MRD)
- Assessment of levator function
- Measurement of amount (degree) of ptosis.
Measurement of amount (degree) of ptosis.
It is determined by the lid excursion caused by LPS muscle (Burke’s method).
- Margin reflex distance (MRD)
- Assessment of levator function
- Measurement of amount (degree) of ptosis.
Assessment of levator function
performed when myasthenia is suspected.
- Tensilon test
- Phenylephrine test
Tensilon test
is carried out in patients suspected of Horner’s syndrome.
- Tensilon test
- Phenylephrine test
Phenylephrine test
This technique is comparatively easy but not suitable for large amount of resection.
- Conjunctival approach (Blaskowics’ operation)
- Skin approach (Everbusch’s operation)
- Frontalis sling operation (Brow suspension)
Conjunctival approach (Blaskowics’ operation)
It is a more frequently employed technique.
- Conjunctival approach (Blaskowics’ operation)
- Skin approach (Everbusch’s operation)
- Frontalis sling operation (Brow suspension)
Skin approach (Everbusch’s operation)
