1.0 PRIMER INJURIES OF THE EYE Flashcards
Foreign bodies on the surface of the cornea constitute about ____ of all ocular injuries
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
- 100%
25%
The foreign body may be seen by careful inspection of the cornea, preferably aided by ________ or a ________
- Aspirin and Analgesics
- magnification with loupe
- magnifying glass
- magnification with loupe
* magnifying glass
Sterile fluorescein strip or solution instilled in the eye stains the ________ (layer of cornea) and demarcates body in the cornea
corneal stroma
Foreign body at the _____ can always be removed with irrigation, a spud, or a cotton-tipped applicator.
- cornea
- conjunctiva
- intraocular
conjunctiva
________ foreign bodies are present in injuries in which small particles penetrate the cornea or the sclera.
- cornea
- conjunctiva
- intraocular
intraocular
____________ may introduce infection that causes a severe purulent panophthalmitis within hours.
- Wood or plant foreign bodies
- Small metallic foreign bodies
Wood or plant foreign bodies
_________ are sterilized by the heat created by their high velocity
- Wood or plant foreign bodies
- Small metallic foreign bodies
Small metallic foreign bodies
________ is an acute inflammation of the eyeball involving all its structures and extending to the orbit
- Contact Dermatitis
- Panophthalmitis
Panophthalmitis
A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram)
- ophthalmoscopy
- ultrasonography
- soft tissue roentgenography
- computed tomography
ultrasonography
A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram)
- ophthalmoscopy
- ultrasonography
- soft tissue roentgenography
- computed tomography
ultrasonography
a diagnostic imaging test used to create detailed images of internal organs, bones, soft tissue and blood vessels.
- ophthalmoscopy
- ultrasonography
- soft tissue roentgenography
- computed tomography
computed tomography
Foreign bodies in the anterior and posterior chambers and the lens are removed through an incision at the ________
- cornea
- sclera
- corneoscieral limbus
corneoscieral limbus
Foreign bodies in the vitreous cavity are removed by a combination of ______________
- computed tomography and ultrasonography
- vitrectomy and suction
vitrectomy and suction
outer ______ of the eyelid
- one sixths
- five sixths
five sixths
inner ______ of the eyelid
- one sixths
- five sixths
(ciliary) margin
one sixths
outer five sixths of the eyelid
- (ciliary) margin
- (lacrimal) margin
(ciliary) margin
inner one sixths of the eyelid
- (ciliary) margin
- (lacrimal) margin
(lacrimal) margin
the placement of the first suture through the gray line of the eyelid to align the eyelid margin.
- Ciliary margin
- Lacrimal margin
Ciliary margin
placement of a stent through the canaliculus in hope that it will remain patent
Lacrimal margin
closure of the laceration
- Ciliary margin
- Lacrimal margin
Lacrimal margin
prevention of traction by the orbicularis oculi muscle located lateral to the laceration.
- Ciliary margin
- Lacrimal margin
Lacrimal margin
Lacerations of the inner one third damage the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle.
- Ciliary margin
- Lacrimal margin
Lacrimal margin
Damage to the superior oblique muscle (CN IV) or the trochlea
- Ciliary margin
- Lacrimal margin
Lacrimal margin
Damage to the superior oblique muscle (CN IV) or the trochlea may impale depression of the eye when ____
- adducted
- abducted
adducted
Lacerations of the bulbar conjunctiva that do not involve the globe are rarely severe enough to require surgical closure
- Conjunctiva
- Cornea
- Sclera
Conjunctiva
The eye is uncomfortable, but there is no loss of vision.
- Conjunctiva
- Cornea
- Sclera
Conjunctiva
Lacerations of the _____, unless puncture type or beveled, are followed by prolapsed of the of a Iris, which closes the wound.
cornea
Lacerations of the _____ , unless puncture type or beveled, are followed by prolapsed of the of a Iris, which closes the wound.
- Conjunctiva
- Cornea
- Sclera
Cornea
A characteristic teardrop distortion of the pupil is present
- Conjunctiva
- Cornea
- Sclera
cornea
______ lacerations are much more likely to produce severe damage to the eye than those that involve the cornea only.
- Conjunctiva
- Sclera
Sclera
Sympathetic ophthalmia is also known as ____________
- sympathetic traumatic hyphema
- sympathetic uveitis
sympathetic uveitis
is a bilateral, chronic, diffuse inflammation of the uveal tract.
- sympathetic ophthalmia (sympathetic uveitis
- blunt trauma
sympathetic ophthalmia (sympathetic uveitis
Hemorrhage into the eyelids is in itself usually of little import but may be associated with fractures of the orbital bones.
- SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA
- BLUNT TRAUMA
BLUNT TRAUMA
A severe subconjunctival hemorrhage and a persistently soft globe after a severe contusion suggest the possibility of a rupture of the posterior sclera.
- SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA
- BLUNT TRAUMA
BLUNT TRAUMA
The small ball used in squash or handball is a common source of serious ______ to the eye.
- blunt injury
- traumatic hyphema
blunt injury
Contusion of the globe is followed frequently by frank bleeding into the anterior chamber.
- TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
- FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF ORBITAL BONES
TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
This blood usually _____ clot
- does
- does not
does not
A secondary glaucoma may occur immediately.
- TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
- FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF ORBITAL BONES
TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
Aspirin and related analgesics, which impair blood clotting, should be used to relieve pain.
t/f
FALSE
Aspirin and related analgesics should not be used to relieve pain.
Blunt trauma to the orbital region may cause fractures and dislocations of the walls of the orbit, its margins, or both.
t/f
true
Many of these Injuries are associated with other fractures, head injury, and severe concussions and lacerations and cannot be treated until shock, coma, and life threatening Injuries have been managed.
- TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA
- FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF ORBITAL BONES
FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF ORBITAL BONES
FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF ORBITAL BONES
Fractures that involve the orbital walls only are termed (1) ________, and those that involve the margins and possibly the walls are (2) ________.
- internal
- external
(1) internal
(2) external
fracture the wall
- blowout fracture
- blunt trauma
blowout fracture
_____ of the eye are difficult to manage, and even with good care, vision may be severely impaired and the eye may be unsightly
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Chemical burns
_____ of the eye are difficult to manage, and even with good care, vision may be severely impaired and the eye may be unsightly
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Chemical burns
- Alkali
- Acid
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Chemical burns
Chemical burns
The Immediate treatment is dilution of the chemical is ______
- water
- sterile saline solution and a sterile soap.
water
There should be no delay in learning the history, examining the eyes, measuring vision, or seeking the appropriate chemical neutralizer.
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Chemical burns
Chemical burns
The eye should be _____ irrigated with water.
- limit
- copiously (generous)
copiously (generous)
First aid measures consist of application of sterile dressings and systemic control of pain
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Thermal burns
If dirty, the burned eyelids are cleaned gently with sterile saline solution and a sterile soap.
- Chemical burns
- Thermal burns
Thermal burns
Thermal burns
If dirty, the burned eyelids are cleaned gently with
- water
- sterile saline solution and a sterile soap
sterile saline solution and a sterile soap.
It absorbed causes a reaction.
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
RADIANT ENERGY
Electromagnetic energy of extremely _____ wavelengths (roentgen rays, gamma rays, beta rays)
- short
- long
short
________ occur in arc welders, mountain climbers, persons exposed to snowfields and persons who expose themselves unwisely to sun lamps.
- Ultraviolet burns of the cornea
- Radiation cataract
Ultraviolet burns of the cornea
______ is produced through damage to actively dividing cells at the equator of the crystalline lens
- Ultraviolet burns of the cornea
- Radiation cataract
Radiation cataract
wavelengths between 400 and 700 um
- visible light
- invisible light
visible light
______ resulting from energy initiated by extremely short pulses of radiation at high poor density level
- mechanical disruption
- thermal insult
- actinic Insult
mechanical disruption
__________ resulting from absorption of energy in the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid that increases ocular tissue temperature more than 10 degree C
- mechanical disruption
- thermal insult
- actinic Insult
thermal insult
______ resulting from extended absorption of energy by the photoreceptors to wavelengths between 400 and 500 mm.
- mechanical disruption
- thermal insult
- actinic Insult
actinic Insult
Electromagnetic energy of extremely short wavelengths (roentgen rays, gamma rays, beta rays)
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
RADIANT ENERGY
Radiation cataract
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
RADIANT ENERGY
Ultraviolet burns of the cornea
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
RADIANT ENERGY
Ultraviolet burns of the cornea
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
RADIANT ENERGY
type of retinal injury
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
RADIANT ENERGY
ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
- non accidental trauma
- accidental trauma
non accidental trauma
injuries resulting from lack of reasonable care and protection of children by their parents, guardians or other caregivers.
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
Ocular Injuries include cigarette burns of the eyelids, dislocated lenses, and retinal dialysis.
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
Retinal hemorrhages
- RADIANT ENERGY
- ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
ABUSED CHILD SYNDROME
1) More than 8,000ft
2) More than 15,000ft
3) More than 17,500ft
- with symptoms (HA, nausea, vomiting, insomnia)
- ocular hemorrhages
- acute mountain sickness
1) More than 8,000ft – acute mountain sickness
2) More than 15,000ft – with symptoms (HA, nausea, vomiting, insomnia)
3) More than 17,500ft – ocular hemorrhages
Other ocular changes include increase in the diameter and tortuosity of the retinal arteries and veins together with cyanosis of the vessels.
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROM
ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
There may be (1) ______ retinal blood flow and retinal blood volume while the mean retinal circulation time (2) _______.
- decreased/decreases
- increased/increases
- increased/increases
2. decreased/decreases
It may occur as often as Down syndrome and neural tube defects
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Prenatal and postnatal retardation of growth, hypotonia, microcephalus, hyperactivity, mental deficiency, and typical craniofacial malformations occur.
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Ocular malformations occur in 90% of the eyes are widely separated (telecanthus) and the blepharoptosis.
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
widely separated
- telecanthus
- blepharoptosis
telecanthus
drooping of the upper eyelid that may affect one or both eyes.
- telecanthus
- blepharoptosis
blepharoptosis
Maternal alcohol abuse (6oz of alcohol or more daily) during pregnancy, particularly during the first trimester, is an important cause of mental and physical retardation in infants.
- ALTITUDINAL HYPOXEMIA
- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Maternal alcohol abuse (____ of alcohol or more daily) particularly during the ___ trimester, is an important cause of mental and physical retardation in infants.
- 6oz
- 10oz
- first
- second
- third
- 6oz
2. first
