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Mod 11: Systems > 1.5.2 - Avionic Systems > Flashcards

1.5.2 - Avionic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

List the four subsystems of an Automatic Flight Control System(AFCS)

A

Command, Error-sensing, correction and follow-up

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2
Q

What happens when the HDG button is pressed on the Mode Control Panel(MCP)?

A

Pressing the True Heading (HDG) button on the MCP programs the aircraft to fly and hold the current heading that is selected on it.

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3
Q

What instruments do the error sensing in an Automatic Flight Control System(AFCS)?

A

Gyros do the error sensing in an AFCS. The vertical gyro senses errors in an attitude indicator(pitch & roll) and the horizontal gyro senses errors in heading.

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4
Q

In a follow-up subsystem what does a position pickup do?

A

A position pickup is on each of the primary flight controls. The error-sensing subsystem sends out a signal to deflect the control surface to correct this error, the position pickup monitors the position of the surface and cancels out the signal when the surface has reached the correct deflection

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5
Q

What type of gyro is used in a yaw damper system?

A

A rate gyro which senses the rate of yaw

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6
Q

What is the maximum range of an aircraft mounted VHF antenna system?

A

300 km

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7
Q

How is the High Frequency (HF) antenna tuned to match the transmission frequency?

A

Antenna-coupler near the antenna. This means that before any transmissions are made, the antenna is automatically tuned within a few seconds.

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8
Q

List the four levels of priority in a passenger address system

A
  1. Pilots
  2. Flight attendants
  3. Pre-recorded Announcements
  4. Boarding Music
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9
Q

What frequency is used to ‘home in’ on an Emergency Locator Transmitter(ELT) during Search and Rescue(SAR) operations?

A

121.5 MHz frequency (must be within 5km depending on terrain)

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10
Q

Where does a Digital Flight Data Recorder(DFDR) get its data from?

A

The DFDR gets its data via the flight data interface unit

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11
Q

What ground stations provide the signals for an Automatic Direction Finder(ADF) system?

A

NDB (Non Directional Beacon) ground stations

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12
Q

What beams must be captured by the aircraft Instrument Landing System(ILS) for an optimum descent?

A

The localiser beam (lateral guidance) and a glide slope beam (vertical guidance must be captured by the aircraft ILS for an optimum descent which is the intersection of these two beams.

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13
Q

What is the function of an Air Traffic Control(ATC) transponder?

A

An ATC transponder uses reply pulses from an aircraft to supply the ground controller with the aircraft’s identification, altitude and communication link.

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14
Q

Distinguish between a caution area and a warning area in a Traffic Collision Avoidance System(TCAS).

A

Caution area means that another aircraft is within 35 to 45 seconds of the closest point of contact and is typically a traffic advisory.

Warning area means that another aircraft is within 20 to 30 seconds of the closest point of contact and will result in a resolution advisory.

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15
Q

How many satellite signals are necessary to compute the altitude of an aircraft with a Global Positioning System(GPS)?

A

4 Satellite signals are necessary to compute altitude of an aircraft with a GPS

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16
Q

How often must a Flight Management System(FMS) navigation database be updated?

A

The FMS must be updated every 28 days

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17
Q

In a VHF Omni-directional Range(VOR) system which pointer shows the direction to the VOR station and which may be selected by the pilot?

A

The VOR Bearing Pointer shows the direction to the VOR station.

The VOR Course Pointer shows the direction to the selected VOR course.

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18
Q

What are the 3 axis of an automatic flight control system?

A
  1. Pitch errors are corrected by the elevator channel
  2. Roll errors are corrected by the aileron channel
  3. heading is maintained by a rudder channel
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19
Q

What are the 4 subsystems of an auto flight system?

A
  1. Command
  2. Error-sensing
  3. Correction
  4. Follow-up
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20
Q

List the 4 types of servos used in an AP system?

A
  1. Elevator Servos
  2. Aileron Servos
  3. Rudder Servos
  4. Auto Throttle Servos
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21
Q

What is the difference between a flight director and an autopilot system

A

Flight director - Rather than sending the signals to the appropriate servos to actually control the aircraft, the signals are sent to the steering bars that tell the pilot what to do.

Autopilot System - Automatically controls the aircraft and activates servos itself.

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22
Q

What instrument is a flight director shown on?

A

Primary Flight Display (PFD)

23
Q

What 2 symbols are used on a flight director?

A

Steering bars - Autopilot and error-sensing system guidance

Triangular Delta/ wings symbol = represents aircraft

24
Q

What is a pitch trim?

A

If the elevator needs to be deflected for a longer period of the flight, the aircraft is out of trim.

The stabiliser must be adjusted to eliminate the elevator load.

25
Q

What is the purpose of a yaw damper?

A

To prevent against dutch roll

A rate gyro senses the yaw and sends a signal - rudder servo - provides - rudder deflection to cancel dutch roll

26
Q

Define MCDU

A

MCDU = Multipurpose Control Display Unit

Route entered into MCDU and FMGS (Flight Management and Guidance System) performs operations such as enroute waypoints, approach, missed apprach, optimum vertical and lateral flight profiles, speed, economy profiles, flight time etc

27
Q

Where are static dischargers located?

A

Static dischargers are mounted on the trailing edges and tips of the wings, vertical and horizontal stabilisers, and control surfaces.

28
Q

Do static dischargers discharge slowly or quickly?

A

Slowly

The lower level of discharge current produces an extremely weak magnetic field which is not picked up by radio receivers.

29
Q

How is HF transmitted around the world?

A

The ionosphere reflects the radio waves back to earth. This helps (depending on the solar activity) to reach any point of the world.

30
Q

What frequencies are used for HF communication?

A

Shortwave 2 - 29.999 MHz in 1 kHz steps

31
Q

What are VHF communications used for?

A

VHF is used for short range voice and data communications.

Aircraft-to-aircraft

Aircraft-to-ground station

32
Q

What are the VHF communications frequencies?

A

VHF (Very High Frequency)

118.000 - 136.99166 MHz in

25kHz or 8.33 KHz steps

33
Q

Is VHF line of sight communication?

(VHF frequency??)

A

Yes, VHF is line of sight communication

118.00 MHz to 136.99166 MHz

34
Q

What is SELCAL?

A

SELCAL is a signaling method which can alert an individual aircraft that a ground station wishes to communicate with it.

Receipt of an assigned SELCAL code activates a flight deck call system which may be a light, an audible chime or both.

Note that the light is Blue

(Can be HF or VHF)

35
Q

How will the crew know that they are being called? (SELCAL)

A

An Aural wanring, which generates a buzzer sound and the ‘‘CALL’’ legend flashes Blue in the cockpit

36
Q

How does SELCAL identify a particular A/C?

A

Aircarft have dedicated SELCAL (Selective Calling) code dedicated to the A/C

37
Q

What satellite systems are used for SATCOM? (2)

A
  1. International Maritime Satellite Organisation (INMARSAT)
  2. American Mobile Satellite Consortium system (AMSC)
38
Q

What 3 facilities are needed for SATCOM?

A
  1. Space segment (Satellite)
  2. Ground Earth Station (GES)
  3. Aircraft Earth Station (AES)
39
Q

What functions is SATCOM used for?

A

Worldwide - continuous voice & data communication services to and from aircraft

40
Q

Define ACARS

A

ACARS = Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System

The ACARS is used to transmit or receive automatically or manually generated reports or messages to or from a ground station.

41
Q

How are ACARS messages trasmitted?

A

Ground-to-air and air-to-ground digital messages are transmitted or received via VHF transceiver or the SATCOM system (MH370) when the VHF link is not available.

42
Q

Define AIS

A

AIS = Audio Integrating System

Allows flight crew members to communicate with each other and ground crew-members

Pilots and flight attendants can make announcements to the passengers and cockpit conversations are recorded for investigative use in the event of a crash

43
Q

What is the priority order with the passenger address system?

A
  1. Pilots
  2. Flight attendants
  3. Pre-recorded announcements
  4. Boarding music
44
Q

What are the frequencies for an ELT?

A

ELT = Emergency Location Transmitter

406 MHz

VHF emergency frequency 121.5 MHz

45
Q

How long does a CVR record for?

A

CVR = Cockpit Voice Recorder

An Endless tape or a solid state memory allows for a minimum of 30 minutes of recording

46
Q

Where is a CVR located and what is its colour?

A

CVR is located in a fire resistant box usually located near the tail of the aircraft.

Colour = Bright Orange

47
Q

What is the tone of an ULB and what sets it off?

A

The Underwater Locator Beacon will transmit a 37kHz tone if it is immersed in water to locate the recorder after an accident.

48
Q

Where does a FDR get its information from?

A

The flight data recorder (FDR) gets it’s parameters from the flight data interface unit

49
Q

What is the purpose of an aircraft integrated data system?

A

AIDS (Aircraft Integrated Data System) accepts a large amount of engine and aircraft system data for analysis.

A printer prints the aircraft data and on request, data may be transmitted to the home base via ACARS.

50
Q

What is an ADF and how is it identified?

A

ADF = Automatic Direction Finder (radio navigation aid)

It receives and interprets the signals provided by a ground station (NDB or Non Directional Beacon)

Identified as two loop antennas positioned 90 degrees apart.

51
Q

What is the purpose of a localiser?

A

Part of ILS (Instrument Landing System)

Used for optimum descent path

Localiser gives lateral guidance to runway.

52
Q

What is the purpose of a glideslope?

A

Part of ILS (Instrument Landing System)

Used for optimum descent path

Glideslope gives best vertical position

53
Q

Define VOR and what is its frequency?

A

VOR = Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range System

It’s a medium range radio navigation aid.

Frequency: 108 - 117.95 MHz

54
Q

What instrument does GPWS use to source its information?

A

GPWS = Ground Proximity Warning System

It does this by monitoring the radio altimeter to determine the actual height above ground.

(Aircraft must be not in Landing Configuration for this to sound)

Mod 11: Systems (37 decks)

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