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Clinical Chemistry 2 > 15. Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

15. Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

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1
Q

Identification of PCP abuse is by detection of?

A

Parent drug in urine

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2
Q

Window of detection for cannabinoids

A

Single use: 3-5 days

Chronic: up to 4 weeks

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3
Q

4 ‘natural’ opiates

A

Morphine
Opium
Codeine
Heroin

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4
Q

Narcotic opioid pain reliever that was banned in the US since Nov 2010

A

Propoxyphene

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5
Q

3 regulatory bodies governing DOA testing

A
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, USA)
  • Department of US Health and Human Services (DHHS)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
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6
Q

Normal urine pH

A

4.5 - 8.0

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7
Q

Window of detection for benzodiazepines

A

< 6 hrs

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8
Q

Major cannabinoid urine metabolite

A

THC-COOH

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9
Q

5 categories of abused drugs?

A
  • Combination
  • Antipsychotics
  • Depressants
  • Hallucinogens
  • Stimulants
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10
Q

What does a blue-green urine oxidant test strip indicate?

A

Adultered w/ bleach or peroxidases

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11
Q

5 components of atomic absorption spectrophotometer

A
  • Light source
  • Atomizer/nebulizer
  • Monochromator
  • Detector
  • Signal processor/readout device
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12
Q

In GCMS, separation of analytes is based on ________________ into the stationary phase

A

differential partitioning

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13
Q

What are cut-off levels?

A

Lowest level of analytical range which can be reliable

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14
Q

Toxic levels of this class of abused drugs can cause cardiovascular and respiratory depression, coma

A

Barbiturates

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15
Q

Window of detection for PCP

A

7-30 days

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16
Q

Difference between opiates and opioids?

A

Opiates - naturally occurring alkaloids of opium found in poppy plants

Opioids - synthetic derivatives of opiates that are NOT found in nature

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17
Q

3 stages in flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

A
  • Desolvation
  • Vaporization
  • Atomization
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18
Q

Drug analysis records are usually retained for how long?

A

2 years

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19
Q

5 drugs frequently tested in a DOA panel

A 
Amphetamine
Cannabinoids
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine
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20
Q

A more reactive compound has a _____ (higher/lower) concentration than the calibrator

A

lower

21
Q

Metabolite of methadone

A

EDDP

22
Q

Example of a barbiturate designer drug/club drug

A

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) - date rape drug

23
Q

Storage after anaylsis for positive samples?

A

1 year frozen at -20C

24
Q

How long does it take for drugs to appear in hair

A

7-10 days

25
Q

Minimum volume of urine that must be provided by the donor

A

40 mL

26
Q

The powder form of cocaine is a ____________ salt

A

hydrochloride

27
Q

Synthetic opiate made from morphine

A

Heroin

28
Q

Illicit drug w/ stimulant, depressant, anesthetic, and hallucinogenic properties

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

29
Q

Threshold of ethanol in breath

A

35 ug/100mL

30
Q

Another non-street name for Rohypnol

A

Flunitrazepam

31
Q

Window of detection for barbiturates

A

< 12-24 hrs

32
Q

3 reasons why initial drug screens are performed before confirmatory tests

A
  • Test more drugs
  • Less specific reagents needed
  • ID of specific drug requires chromatographic techniques
33
Q

Endogenous chemical (street drug) that is similar to GABA

A

GHB

34
Q

Storage after anaylsis for negative samples?

A

2 weeks at 4-8C, then discard

35
Q

Example of a benzodiazepine designer drug/club drug

A

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) = roofie

36
Q

Treatment for morphine overdose?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

37
Q

What is used in place of a flame in graphite furnace AAS?

A

Electric furnace - breaks chemical bonds

38
Q

Urine SG range

A

1.005 - 1.030

Sample must be >1.003

39
Q

How to store sample if analysis will be delayed by >72 hrs?

A

Freeze

40
Q

Cocaine metabolite measured in urine; window of detection

A

Benzoylecgonine (BE)

2-4 days after use

41
Q

Cocaine is used in clinical medicine b/c of these 2 properties

A
  • Local anesthesia

- Vasoconstriction

42
Q

Used for both analgesia and in the treatment of opioid addiction

A

Methadone

43
Q

Metabolite of heroin and what it is hydrolyzed to

A

6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)

Hydrolyzed to morphine

44
Q

Method for confirmatory testing?

A

GCMS

LC-MS/MS

45
Q

Urine creatinine RI for males

A

5 - 13 mmol/L

Sample must be >1.8

46
Q

Urine creatinine RI for females

A

3 - 11 mmol/L

Sample must be >1.8

47
Q

Normal urine temperature

A

33 - 38 degC (read within 4 mins)

48
Q

Lack of a creatinine value in a urine specimen suggests what?

A

Substitution with apple juice or tea

49
Q

Possible cause for increased creatinine in urine

A

High meat diet

Clinical Chemistry 2 (15 decks)

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